Surah Al-Haqqah 69:40

The Qur'an is the Speech of Allah

Allah swears by His creation, in which some of His signs can be seen in His creatures. These also indicate the perfection of His Names and Attributes. He then swears by the hidden things that they cannot see. This is an oath swearing that the Qur'an is His Speech, His inspiration and His revelation to His servant and Messenger, whom He chose to convey His Message, and the Messenger carried out this trust faithfully. So Allah says,

فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِمَا تُبْصِرُونَ - وَمَا لاَ تُبْصِرُونَ - إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلُ رَسُولٍ كَرِيمٍ

(So I swear by whatsoever you see, and by whatsoever you see not, that this is verily the word of an honored Messenger.) meaning, Muhammad ﷺ. Allah gave this description to him, a description which carries the meaning of conveying, because the duty of a messenger is to convey from the sender. Therefore, Allah gave this description to the angelic Messenger in Surat At-Takwir, where he said,

إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلُ رَسُولٍ كَرِيمٍ ذِى قُوَّةٍ عِندَ ذِى الْعَرْشِ مَكِينٍ مُّطَـعٍ ثَمَّ أَمِينٍ

(Verily, this is the Word of (this Qur'an brought by) a most honorable messenger. Owner of power (and high rank) with Allah, the Lord of the Throne. Obeyed and trustworthy.) (81:19-21) And here, it refers to Jibril. Then Allah says,

وَمَا صَـحِبُكُمْ بِمَجْنُونٍ

(and your companion is not a madman. ) (81:22) meaning, Muhammad ﷺ.

وَلَقَدْ رَءَاهُ بِالاٍّفُقِ الْمُبِينِ

(And indeed he saw him in the clear horizon.) (81:23) meaning, Muhammad ﷺ saw Jibril in his true form in which Allah created him.

وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ

(And he is not Danin with the Unseen.) (81:24) meaning, suspicious.

وَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَيْطَـنٍ رَّجِيمٍ

(And it (the Qur'an) is not he word of the outcast Shaytan.) (81:25) This is similar to what is being said here.

وَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ قَلِيلاً مَّا تُؤْمِنُونَ - وَلاَ بِقَوْلِ كَاهِنٍ قَلِيلاً مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ

(It is not the word of a poet, little is that you believe! Nor is it the word of soothsayer, little is that you remember!) So in one instance Allah applies the term messenger to the angelic Messenger and in another instance He applies it to the human Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ). This is because both of them are conveying from Allah that which has been entrusted to them of Allah's revelation and Speech. Thus, Allah says,

تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ

(This is the revelation sent down from the Lord of all that exists.)

Menurut Muqatil bahwa ayat-ayat ini diturunkan berhubungan dengan sikap para pemuka Quraisy ketika mendengar bacaan ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an, seperti perkataan al-Walid bin al-Mugirah bahwa sesungguhnya Muhammad seorang pesihir, perkataan Abu Jahal bahwa Muhammad seorang penyair, dan perkataan 'Uqbah bahwa Muhammad seorang tukang tenung. Ayat ini membantah perkataan-perkataan itu.

Allah menegaskan kepada orang musyrik Mekah dengan bersumpah dengan makhluk-Nya, baik yang dapat dilihat, diketahui, dan dirasakan dengan pancaindra maupun tidak, bahwa Al-Qur'an yang diturunkan kepada Muhammad itu benar-benar wahyu dari-Nya. Al-Qur'an bukan perkataan Muhammad atau perkataan yang diada-adakan Muhammad kemudian dikatakan sebagai firman Allah.

Dari perkataan bima tubsirun (segala yang dapat kamu lihat) dapat dipahami bahwa sebenarnya orang musyrik Mekah seharusnya dapat meyakinkan bahwa Al-Qur'an itu berasal dari Allah, bukan buatan Muhammad. Hal ini berdasarkan pada pengetahuan yang ada pada mereka, seperti pengetahuan tentang Muhammad, pengetahuan tentang gaya bahasa dan keindahan bahasa Arab yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur'an, dan isi Al-Qur'an itu sendiri. Kemudian dari perkataan "wama la tubsirun" (dan apa yang tidak kamu lihat) dipahami bahwa banyak hal yang tidak diketahui oleh orang musyrik Mekah. Jika mereka mengetahui yang demikian itu, tentu akan dapat menambah keyakinan dan kepercayaan mereka kepada Muhammad.