Surah Al-Hajj 22:47

Here Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for the disbelief of those among his people who opposed him.

وَإِن يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ

(And if they deny you, so did deny before them the people of Nuh) until His saying,

وَكُذِّبَ مُوسَى

(and denied was Musa.) means, despite all the clear signs and evidence that they brought.

فَأمْلَيْتُ لِلْكَـفِرِينَ

(But I granted respite to the disbelievers for a while,) means, `I delayed and postponed.'

ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ

(then I seized them, and how (terrible) was My punishment!) means, `how great was My vengeance against them and My punishment of them!' In the Two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet said:

«إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْه»

(Allah lets the wrongdoer carry on until, when He seizes him, He will never let him go.) Then he recited:

وَكَذلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ

(Such is the punishment of your Lord when He seizes the towns while they are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe.) 11:102 Then Allah says:

فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَـهَا

(And many a township did We destroy)

وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ

(while they were given wrongdoing,) meaning, they were rejecting their Messengers.

فَهِىَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا

(so that it lie in ruins,) Ad-Dahhak said, "Leveled to their roofs," i.e., their houses and cities were destroyed.

وَبِئْرٍ مُّعَطَّلَةٍ

(and (many) a deserted well) means, they draw no water from it, and no one comes to it, after it had been frequented often by crowds of people.

وَقَصْرٍ مَّشِيدٍ

(and a castle Mashid!) `Ikrimah said, "This means whitened with plaster." Something similar was narrated from `Ali bin Abi Talib, Mujahid, `Ata', Sa`id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-Mulayh and Ad-Dahhak. Others said that it means high and impenetrable fortresses. All of these suggestions are close in meaning and do not contradict one another, for this sturdy construction and great height did not help their occupants or afford them any protection when the punishment of Allah came upon them, as He says:

أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُواْ يُدْرِككُّمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنتُمْ فِى بُرُوجٍ مُّشَيَّدَةٍ

("Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in Buruj Mushayyadah!") 4:78

أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(Have they not traveled through the land,) means, have they not traveled in the physical sense and also used their minds to ponder That is sufficient, as Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya said in his book At-Tafakkur wal-I`tibar, "Some of the wise people said, `Give life to your heart with lessons, illuminate it with thought, kill it with asceticism, strengthen it with certain faith, remind it of its mortality, make it aware of the calamities of this world, warn it of the disasters that life may bring, show it how things may suddenly change with the passing of days, tell it the stories of the people of the past, and remind it what happened to those who came before."' Walk through their ruins, see what they did and what became of them, meaning, look at the punishments and divine wrath that struck the nations of the past who belied,

فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَآ أَوْ ءَاذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا

(and have they hearts wherewith to understand and ears wherewith to hear) meaning, let them learn a lesson from that.

فَإِنَّهَا لاَ تَعْمَى الاٌّبْصَـرُ وَلَـكِن تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِى فِى الصُّدُورِ

(Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind.) means, the blind person is not the one whose eyes cannot see, but rather the one who has no insight. Even if the physical eyes are sound, they still cannot learn the lesson.

وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَإِنَّ يَوْماً عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ - وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ

(47. And they ask you to hasten on the torment! And Allah fails not His promise. And verily a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you reckon.) (48. And many a township did I give respite while it was given to wrongdoing. Then I seized it (with punishment). And to Me is the (final) return (of all).)

The Disbelievers Demand for the Punishment

Allah tells His Prophet :

وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ

(And they ask you to hasten on the torment!) meaning, these disbelievers who disbelieve in Allah and His Book and His Messenger and the Last Day. This is like the Ayat:

وَإِذْ قَالُواْ اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

(And (remember) when they said: "O Allah! If this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down stones on us from the sky or bring on us a painful torment.") 8:32 H

وَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا عَجِّل لَّنَا قِطَّنَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ

(They say: "Our Lord! Hasten to us Qittana (our punishment) before the Day of Reckoning!") 38:16.

وَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ

(And Allah fails not His promise.) means, His promise to bring about the Hour and wreak vengeance upon His enemies, and to honor His close friends.

وَإِنَّ يَوْماً عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ

(And verily a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you reckon. ) means, He does not hasten, for what is counted as a thousand years with His creation is as one day with Him, and He knows that He is able to exact revenge and that He will not miss a thing, even if He delays and waits and postpones. Hence He then says:

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ

(And many a township did I give respite while it was given to wrongdoing. Then I seized it (with punishment). And to Me is the (final) return (of all).) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«يَدْخُلُ فُقَرَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجَنَّةَ قَبْلَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ بِنِصْفِ يَوْمٍ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَام»

(The poor among the Muslims will enter Paradise half a day before the rich -- five hundred years.) This was recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i from the Hadith of Ath-Thawri from Muhammad bin `Amr. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." Abu Dawud recorded at the end of Book of Al-Malahim in his Sunan from Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas that the Prophet said:

«إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ لَا تَعْجِزَ أُمَّتِي عِنْدَ رَبِّهَا أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَهُمْ نِصْفَ يَوْم»

(I hope that it will not be too much for my Ummah if Allah delays them for half a day.) It was said to Sa`d, "What does half a day mean" He said, "Five hundred years."

Dalam ayat ini Allah menerangkan bahwa orang-orang musyrik Mekah yang mendustakan ayat-ayat Allah, mengingkari seruan Nabi Muhammad saw, tidak percaya kepada adanya hari Kiamat, mereka meminta kepada Nabi Muhammad saw agar kepada mereka ditimpakan pula azab seperti yang telah ditimpakan kepada umat-umat terdahulu. Permintaan itu mereka lakukan, karena yakin bahwa azab itu tidak akan datang.

Permintaan mereka dijawab Allah bahwa azab yang mereka minta itu pasti datang, karena hal itu merupakan Sunnatullah. Allah sekali-kali tidak akan memungkiri janji-Nya. Hanya saja azab itu ditimpakan kepada mereka pada waktu yang telah ditentukan Allah, tidak menurut waktu yang mereka kehendaki. Waktu kedatangan azab itu hanya Allah sajalah yang mengetahuinya, sebagaimana waktu kedatangan azab kepada umat-umat ter- dahulu, yang datang secara tiba-tiba, tanpa diketahui oleh seorang pun darimana dan kapan azab itu datang.

Sebagaimana firman Allah:

Maka apakah penduduk negeri itu merasa aman dari siksaan Kami yang datang malam hari ketika mereka sedang tidur? Atau apakah penduduk negeri itu merasa aman dari siksaan Kami yang datang pada pagi hari ketika mereka sedang bermain? (al-A'raf/7: 97-98)

Jika orang-orang musyrik Mekah merasa bahwa telah lama masa berlalu, tetapi azab yang dijanjikan itu belum datang, sehingga mereka berpendapat bahwa azab itu tidak akan datang lagi, maka hendaklah mereka ingat bahwa seribu tahun menurut perasaan mereka adalah sama dengan sehari di sisi Allah. Karena itu hendaklah mereka ingat bahwa Allah pasti menepati janji-Nya setelah berjalan waktu yang lama menurut perasaan mereka. Allah melambatkan kedatangan azab itu bukanlah berarti bahwa Dia telah menyalahi janji yang telah dijanjikan-Nya.

Secara saintis, Ayat ini mensiratkan konsep relativitas waktu. Sebuah konsep yang diperkenalkan oleh Albert Einstein melalui Teori Relativitas. Sebelumnya, selama hampir 200 tahun, dunia fisika didominasi oleh fisika Newton yang menyatakan bahwa waktu adalah konstan; satu jam adalah sama di mana pun dalam kondisi apa pun.

Contoh berikut akan memberikan ilustrasi tentang konsep waktu yang konstan. Misalkan, Hamzah dan Wildan telah menyamakan waktu di jam tangannya masing-masing. Kemudian, dengan menggunakan sebuah pesawat yang memiliki kecepatan yang tinggi, mendekati kecepatan cahaya, Hamzah berangkat meninggalkan Wildan. Setelah satu jam (menurut jam tanganya) Hamzah kembali dari perjalanannya dan menemui Wildan. Maka, Newton akan mengatakan bahwa Wildan pun akan merasakan bahwa dia telah menunggu Hamzah selama satu jam. Jam tangan Wildan akan menunjukkan waktu yang sama dengan jam tangan Hamzah.

Einstein tidak akan sependapat dengan hal ini. Menurut dia, waktu adalah relatif, bergantung pada kecepatan bergerak dari seseorang atau sesuatu. Jika Hamzah yang bergerak dengan kecepatan mendekati kecepatan cahaya merasa telah meninggalkan Wildan selama satu jam (menurut jam di tangannya), maka jam tangan Wildan akan menunjukkan bahwa Hamzah telah pergi selama 10 jam. Jika Hamzah pergi pada pukul 8 pagi, maka ketika dia kembali, jam tangan Hamzah akan menunjukkan waktu pukul 9 pagi, sementara jam tangan Wildan akan menunjukkan jam 18.00 atau jam 6 sore. Demikian pula, apabila pada saat Hamzah dan Wildan sama-sama berumur 20 tahun, kemudian Hamzah bepergian meninggalkan Wildan dengan kecepatan mendekati cahaya selama 5 tahun (menurut waktu Hamzah), maka pada saat mereka bertemu, Hamzah akan berumur 25 tahun, sementara Wildan telah berumur 70 tahun. Demikianlah waktu bersifat relatif.

Al-Qur'an telah mengisyaratkan hal ini semenjak 14 abad yang lalu. Allah mengatur urusan dari langit ke bumi dan kembali lagi ke langit dengan kecepatan yang sangat tinggi sedemikian sehingga semua ini hanya berlangsung satu hari yang lamanya sama dengan 1000 tahun menurut hitungan waktu kita. Relativitas waktu seperti ini juga terdapat dalam as-Sajdah/32:5; al-Ma'arij/70: 4.

Dalam ayat ini, satu hari setara dengan 50.000 tahun. Hal ini bisa saja terjadi, bergantung kepada kecepatan bergerak dari malaikat.