Surah Al-Hadid 57:23

Everything that affects Mankind, is duly measured and destined

Allah reminds of His measuring and deciding the destiny of all things before He created the creation,

مَآ أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ فِى أَنفُسِكُمْ

(No calamity occurs on the earth nor in yourselves) meaning, `there is nothing that touches you or happens in existence,'

إِلاَّ فِى كِتَـبٍ مِّن قَبْلِ أَن نَّبْرَأَهَآ

(but it is inscribed in the Book of Decrees before We bring it into existence.) meaning, `before We created the creation and started life.' Qatadah commented on this Ayah,

مَآ أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(No calamity occurs on the earth) refers to famine, while,

وَلاَ فِى أَنفُسِكُمْ

(or nor in yourselves) refers to suffering and diseases." He also said, "We were told that every person who suffers a prick of a thorn, a twisted ankle, or a bleeding vein, has it occur on account of his sins. What Allah forgives is even more." This great, honorable Ayah provides clear evidence to the misguidance of the cursed Qadariyyah sect, who deny Allah's Preordaihnent and His knowledge of everything before it occurs. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,

«قَدَّرَ اللهُ الْمَقَادِيرَ قَبلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَة»

(Allah ordained the measures (of everything) fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth.)" Muslim collected this Hadith in his Sahih with the addition:

«وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاء»

(And His Throne was over the water.) At-Tirmidhi also collected it and said, "Hasan Sahih." Allah's statement,

إِنَّ ذلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ

(Verily, that is easy for Allah.) means that He knows all things before they occur, and He records them exactly as they will occur when they occur, and this is easy for Him. Verily, Allah knows what happened, what will happen and what did not happen, and what shape and form it will take if it were to happen.

Ordering Patience and Gratitude

Allah said,

لِّكَيْلاَ تَأْسَوْاْ عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلاَ تَفْرَحُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَـكُمْ

(In order that you may not grieve at the things over that you fail to get, nor rejoice over that which has been given to you.) meaning, `We informed you of Our encompassing knowledge, recording all things before they occur and creating all things in due measure known to Us, so that you may know that what has met you would never have missed you and what has missed you would never have met you. Therefore, do not grieve for what you have missed of fortune, because had it been destined for you, you would have achieved it.' (It is also recited:) (وَلَا تَفْرَحُوْا بِمَا أَتَاكُمْ) (nor rejoice over that which came to you) meaning, come to you. According to the recitation,

ءَاتَـكُمُ

it means (which has been given to you.) Both meanings are related. Allah says here, `do not boast before people about what Allah has favored you with, because it is not you who earned it by your efforts. Rather, all this came your way because Allah destined them for you and provided them for you as provisions. Therefore, do not use what Allah has granted you as a reason to boast and become arrogant with others.' Allah's statement,

وَاللَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ

(And Allah likes not prideful boasters.) meaning, who acts arrogantly with other people. `Ikrimah commented by saying, "Everyone of us feels happiness and grief. However, make your joy with gratitude and endure your grief with patience."

Censuring the Stinginess

Allah the Exalted then said,

الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ

(Those who are misers and enjoin miserliness upon people.) meaning those who commit evil and encourage people to commit it,

وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ

(And whosoever turns away,) from abiding by Allah's commandments and obeying Him,

فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِىُّ الْحَمِيدُ

(then Allah is Rich, Worthy of all praise.) As Musa, peace be upon him, said,

إِن تَكْفُرُواْ أَنتُمْ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌ

(If you disbelieve, you and all on earth together, then verily, Allah is Rich, Owner of all praise.)(14:8)

Pada ayat ini Allah swt menyatakan bahwa semua peristiwa itu ditetapkan sebelum terjadinya, agar manusia bersabar menerima cobaan Allah. Cobaan Allah itu adakalanya berupa kesengsaraan dan malapetaka, adakalanya berupa kesenangan dan kegembiraan. Karena itu janganlah terlalu bersedih hati menerima kesengsaraan dan malapetaka yang menimpa diri, sebaliknya jangan pula terlalu bersenang hati dan bergembira menerima sesuatu yang menyenangkan hati. Sikap yang paling baik ialah sabar dalam menerima bencana dan malapetaka yang menimpa serta bersyukur kepada Allah atas setiap menerima nikmat yang dianugerahkan-Nya. Ayat ini bukan untuk melarang kaum Muslimin bergembira dan bersedih hati, tetapi maksudnya ialah melarang kaum Muslimin bergembira dan bersedih hati dengan berlebih-lebihan. 'Ikrimah berkata, "Tidak ada seorang pun melainkan ia dalam keadaan sedih dan gembira, tetapi hendaklah ia menjadikan kegembiraan itu sebagai tanda bersyukur kepada Allah dan kesedihan itu sebagai tanda bersabar." Pada akhir ayat ini ditegaskan bahwa orang yang terlalu bergembira menerima sesuatu yang menyenangkan hatinya dan terlalu bersedih hati menerima bencana yang menimpanya adalah orang yang pada dirinya terdapat tanda-tanda tabkhil dan angkuh, seakan-akan ia hanya memikirkan kepentingan dirinya saja. Allah swt menyatakan bahwa Dia tidak menyukai orang-orang yang mempunyai sifat-sifat bakhil dan angkuh.