Surah Al-Furqan 25:52

The universality of the Prophet's Message, how He was supported in His Mission and Allah's Blessings to Mankind

Allah says:

وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَبَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ نَّذِيراً

(And had We willed, We would have raised a warner in every town.) `Calling them to Allah, but We have singled you out, O Muhammad, to be sent to all the people of earth, and We have commanded you to convey the Qur'an,'

لاٌّنذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ

(that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19).

وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ

(but those of the sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place) (11:17).

لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا

(that you may warn the Mother of the Towns and all around it) (42:7).

قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا

(Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah...") (7:158). In the Two Sahihs (it is reported that the Prophet said:)

«بُعِثْتُ إِلَى الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَد»

(I have been sent to the red and the black. ) And:

«وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّة»

(...A Prophet would be sent to his own people, but I have been sent to all of mankind.) Allah says:

فَلاَ تُطِعِ الْكَـفِرِينَ وَجَـهِدْهُمْ بِهِ

(So obey not the disbelievers, but strive hard against them with it.) meaning, with the Qur'an. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas.

جِهَاداً كَبيراً

(with the utmost endeavour.) This is like the Ayah,

يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ جَـهِدِ الْكُفَّـرَ وَالْمُنَـفِقِينَ

(O Prophet! Strive hard against the disbelievers and the hypocrites,) (9:73)

وَهُوَ الَّذِى مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ

(And it is He Who has let free the two seas, this is palatable and sweet, and that is salty and bitter;) means, He has created the two kinds of water, sweet and salty. The sweet water is like that in rivers, springs and wells, which is fresh, sweet, palatable water. This was the view of Ibn Jurayj and of Ibn Jarir, and this is the meaning without a doubt, for nowhere in creation is there a sea which is fresh and sweet. Allah has told us about reality so that His servants may realize His blessings to them and give thanks to Him. The sweet water is that which flows amidst people. Allah has portioned it out among His creatures according to their needs; rivers and springs in every land, according to what they need for themselves and their lands.

وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ

(and that is salty and bitter;) meaning that it is salty, bitter and not easy to swallow. This is like the seas that are known in the east and the west, the Atlantic Ocean and the Straits that lead to it, the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the China Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and so on, all the seas that are stable and do not flow, but they swell and surge in the winter and when the winds are strong, and they have tides that ebb and flow. At the beginning of each month the tides ebb and flood, and when the month starts to wane they retreat until they go back to where they started. When the crescent of the following month appears, the tide begins to ebb again until the fourteenth of the month, then it decreases. Allah, may He be glorified, the One Whose power is absolute, has set these laws in motion, so all of these seas are stationary, and He has made their water salty lest the air turn putrid because of them and the whole earth turn rotten as a result, and lest the earth spoil because of the animals dying on it. Because its water is salty, its air is healthy and its dead are good (to eat), hence when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked whether sea water can be used for Wudu', he said:

«هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُه»

(Its water is pure and its dead are lawful.) This was recorded by Malik, Ash-Shafi`i and Ahmad, and by the scholars of Sunan with a good Jayyid chain of narration.

وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخاً وَحِجْراً

(and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them. ) meaning, between the sweet water and the saltwater.

بَرْزَخاً

(a barrier) means a partition, which is dry land.

وَحِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً

(and a complete partition) means, a barrier, to prevent one of them from reaching the other. This is like the Ayat:

مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ - بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لاَّ يَبْغِيَانِ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ

(He has let loose the two seas meeting together. Between them is a barrier which none of them can transgress. Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) (55:19-21)

أَمَّن جَعَلَ الاٌّرْضَ قَرَاراً وَجَعَلَ خِلاَلَهَآ أَنْهَاراً وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِىَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزاً أَءِلـهٌ مَّعَ اللهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ

(Is not He Who has made the earth as a fixed abode, and has placed rivers in its midst, and placed firm mountains therein, and set a barrier between the two seas Is there any god with Allah Nay, but most of them know not!) (27:61)

وَهُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ مِنَ الْمَآءِ بَشَراً

(And it is He Who has created man from water,) means, He created man from a weak Nutfah, then gave him shape and formed him, and completed his form, male and female, as He willed.

فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَباً وَصِهْراً

(and has appointed for him kindred by blood, and kindred by marriage.) in the beginning, he is someone's child, then he gets married and becomes a son-in-law, then he himself has sons-in-law and other relatives through marriage. All of this comes from a despised liquid, Allah says:

وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ قَدِيراً

(And your Lord is Ever All-Powerful to do what He wills.)

Nabi Muhammad diperintahkan Allah untuk menyampaikan risalahnya dengan sungguh-sungguh, melaksanakan jihad dan perjuangan dengan penuh kebijaksanaan, kesabaran, ketabahan, dan tidak takut atau gentar terhadap musuh. Nabi saw harus yakin bahwa Allah pasti menolong, sehingga kemenangan berada di tangannya dan kaum Mukminin. Dalam ayat ini, Allah melarang Nabi Muhammad mengikuti orang-orang kafir yang mengajaknya mengadakan kompromi dengan mereka dalam hal agama. Ia harus tetap bersikap tegas dan konsekuen dalam melaksanakan dakwah dan berjihad menyebarkan Al-Qur'an.

Secara bahasa, jihad ialah berusaha sungguh-sungguh, jika perlu dengan mengorbankan apa saja, harta ataupun jiwa. Jihad dapat dilaksanakan dalam keadaan perang maupun damai. Dalam keadaan perang, jihad dilaksanakan dengan qital, yaitu berperang di jalan Allah. Sedangkan jihad dalam keadaan damai dapat dilaksanakan di bidang ekonomi, pendidikan, budaya, dan lain-lain.

Ayat 52 ini termasuk dalam kelompok ayat Makkiyyah, diturunkan sebelum hijrah dalam keadaan damai. Maka jihad di sini lebih ditekankan pada kesungguhan melaksanakan dakwah, pendidikan, maupun usaha-usaha sosial untuk memperbaiki kondisi masyarakat. Allah menjanjikan kepada orang yang berjihad dengan sungguh-sungguh akan selalu diberi petunjuk ke jalan yang lurus. Allah berfirman:

Dan orang-orang yang berjihad untuk (mencari keridaan) Kami, Kami akan tunjukkan kepada mereka jalan-jalan Kami. Dan sungguh, Allah bersama orang-orang yang berbuat baik. (al-'Ankabut/29: 69)