Surah 2 · 2:54
Surah Al-Baqarah 2:54
Al-Baqarah · The Cow
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِه
Wa-ith qala moosaliqawmihi ya qawmi innakum thalamtumanfusakum bittikhathikumu alAAijla fatooboo ilabari-ikum faqtuloo anfusakum thalikumkhayrun lakum AAinda bari-ikum fataba AAalaykuminnahu huwa attawwabu arraheem
And [recall] when Moses said to his people, "O my people, indeed you have wronged yourselves by your taking of the calf [for worship]. So repent to your Creator and kill yourselves [i.e., the guilty among you]. That is best for [all of] you in the sight of your Creator." Then He accepted your repentance; indeed, He is the Accepting of Repentance, the Merciful.
Dan (ingatlah) ketika Musa berkata kepada kaumnya, "Wahai kaumku! Kamu benar-benar telah menzalimi dirimu sendiri dengan menjadikan (patung) anak sapi (sebagai sesembahan), karena itu bertobatlah kepada Penciptamu dan bunuhlah dirimu. Itu lebih baik bagimu di sisi Penciptamu. Dia akan menerima tobatmu. Sungguh, Dialah Yang Maha Penerima tobat, Maha Penyayang.
Tafsir
Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
The Children of Israel kill each other in Repentance
This was the repentance required from the Children of Israel for worshipping the calf. Commenting on Allah's statement;
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَـقَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ(And (remember) when Musa said to his people: "O my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping the calf...), Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "When their hearts thought of worshipping the calf,
وَلَمَّا سُقِطَ فَى أَيْدِيهِمْ وَرَأَوْاْ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ ضَلُّواْ قَالُواْ لَئِن لَّمْ يَرْحَمْنَا رَبُّنَا وَيَغْفِرْ لَنَا(And when they regretted and saw that they had gone astray, they (repented and) said: "If our Lord does not have mercy upon us and forgive us") (7:149). This is when Musa said to them,
يَـقَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ(O my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping the calf...)." Abu `Al-`Aliyah, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas commented on,
فَتُوبُواْ إِلَى بَارِئِكُمْ(So turn in repentance to your Bari') that it means, "To your Creator." Allah's statement,
إِلَى بَارِئِكُمْ(to your Bari' (Creator)) alerts the Children of Israel to the enormity of their error and means, "Repent to He Who created you after you associated others with Him in worship."
An-Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim recorded Ibn `Abbas saying, "Allah told the Children of Israel that their repentance would be to slay by the sword every person they meet, be he father or son. They should not care whom they kill. Those were guilty whom Musa and Harun were not aware of their guilt, they admitted their sin and did as they were ordered. So Allah forgave both the killer and the one killed." This is part of the Hadith about the trials that we will mention in Surat Ta Ha, (20) Allah willing.
Ibn Jarir narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, "Musa said to his people,
فَتُوبُواْ إِلَى بَارِئِكُمْ فَاقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ عِندَ بَارِئِكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ("So turn in repentance to your Creator and kill each other (the innocent kill the wrongdoers among you), that will be better for you with your Creator." Then He accepted your repentance. Truly, He is the One Who accepts repentance, the Most Merciful.)
Allah ordered Musa to command his people to kill each other. He ordered those who worshipped the calf to sit down and those who did not worship the calf to stand holding knives in their hands. When they started killing them, a great darkness suddenly overcame them. After the darkness lifted, they had killed seventy thousand of them. Those who were killed among them were forgiven, and those who remained alive were also forgiven." p
Tafsir Kemenag RI
Dalam ayat ini Allah swt memerintahkan kepada Rasulullah agar menyampaikan kepada Bani Israil yang hidup semasanya pada waktu itu bahwa Musa a.s. sekembali dari munajat dengan Tuhannya, mendapati kaumnya menyembah patung anak sapi, lalu dia berkata kepada kaumnya, "Hai kaumku, sesungguhnya dengan perbuatan kamu menjadikan anak sapi itu sebagai tuhanmu, kamu telah membinasakan diri kamu sendiri, dan telah melenyapkan pahala yang sedianya akan kamu terima di sisi Tuhanmu. Alangkah baiknya, seandainya kamu menepati janji yang telah diikrarkan, dan kamu mengikuti syariatku. ) Oleh sebab itu, bertobatlah kepada Tuhanmu yang telah menciptakan kamu, dan janganlah berbuat kebodohan semacam itu, dimana kamu telah meninggalkan Tuhanmu yang sesungguhnya, lalu kamu mengambil anak sapi sebagai sembahanmu."
Musa a.s. juga memerintahkan kepada mereka, "Bunuhlah diri kamu." Maksudnya, agar orang-orang yang tidak berbuat kejahatan di antara mereka membunuh mereka yang telah bersalah itu, atau mereka yang telah berbuat kejahatan itu saling membunuh, atau mereka disuruh membunuh diri mereka sendiri sebagai pernyataan tobat kepada Allah. Dalam Perjanjian Lama Kitab Keluaran xxxii.27-28 disebutkan yang mati akibat pembunuhan itu 3000 orang.
Kemudian Musa a.s. mengatakan kepada mereka bahwa bertobat dan membunuh diri sebagai pernyataan tobat itu lebih baik bagi mereka di sisi Allah daripada terus-menerus berbuat kedurhakan yang menyebabkan mereka ditimpa azab. Apabila mereka telah bersih dari dosa itu, barulah mereka patut menerima pahala dan ganjaran.
Abdullah Yusuf Ali berpendapat "bunuhlah nafsumu"; anfusakum dalam ayat ini berarti nafsu, bukan pribadi. Hampir sejalan dengan pendapat al-Qasimi, Muhammad Asad, dan lain-lain.
Pada akhir ayat ini Allah menerangkan bahwa setelah mereka melakukan yang diperintahkan Musa, Allah menerima tobat dan memaafkan kesalahan mereka, karena Dialah yang memberikan jalan kepada orang-orang yang berdosa itu untuk bertobat, dan Dia menerima tobat mereka. Sebab Dia Maha Pengasih kepada orang-orang yang mau bertobat kepada-Nya. Seandainya tidak demikian, tentulah segera ditimpakan kebinasaan kepada mereka karena dosa-dosa besar yang mereka lakukan itu.
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Word by word
وَإِذۡ
wa-idh
And when
قَالَ
qāla
said
مُوسَىٰ
mūsā
Musa
لِقَوۡمِهِۦ
liqawmihi
to his people
يَٰقَوۡمِ
yāqawmi
O my people
إِنَّكُمۡ
innakum
Indeed, you
ظَلَمۡتُمۡ
ẓalamtum
[you] have wronged
أَنفُسَكُم
anfusakum
yourselves
بِٱتِّخَاذِكُمُ
bi-ittikhādhikumu
by your taking
ٱلۡعِجۡلَ
l-ʿij'la
the calf
فَتُوبُوٓاْ
fatūbū
So turn in repentance
إِلَىٰ
ilā
to
بَارِئِكُمۡ
bāri-ikum
your Creator
فَٱقۡتُلُوٓاْ
fa-uq'tulū
and kill
أَنفُسَكُمۡ
anfusakum
yourselves
ذَٰلِكُمۡ
dhālikum
That
خَيۡرٞ
khayrun
(is) better
لَّكُمۡ
lakum
for you
عِندَ
ʿinda
with
بَارِئِكُمۡ
bāri-ikum
your Creator
فَتَابَ
fatāba
Then He turned
عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ
ʿalaykum
towards you
إِنَّهُۥ
innahu
Indeed He
هُوَ
huwa
He
ٱلتَّوَّابُ
l-tawābu
(is) the-returning
ٱلرَّحِيمُ
l-raḥīmu
the Most Merciful