Surah Al-Baqarah 2:51

The Children of Israel worshipped the Calf

Allah then said, "Remember My favor on you when I forgave you for worshipping the calf." This happened after Musa went to the meeting place with his Lord at the end of that period which was forty days. These forty days were mentioned in Surat Al-A`raf, when Allah said,

(And We appointed for Musa thirty nights and added (to the period) ten (more)) (7:142).

It was said that these days were during the month of Dhul-Qa`dah plus the first ten days in Dhul-Hijjah, after the Children of Israel were delivered from Fir`awn and they safely crossed the sea. Allah's statement,

(And (remember) when We gave Musa the Scripture) means, the Tawrah,

(And the criterion) that is that which differentiates between truth and falsehood, guidance and deviation.

(So that you may be guided aright), after escaping the sea, as another Ayah in Surat Al-A`raf clearly stated,

(And indeed We gave Musa ـ after We had destroyed the generations of old ـ the Scripture (the Tawrah) as an enlightenment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, that they might remember (or receive admonition)) (28:43).

Pada ayat ini Allah swt mengingatkan mereka kepada nikmat yang lain sesudah nikmat-nikmat-Nya yang tersebut di atas, yaitu Allah menjanjikan kepada Musa a.s. akan memberikan Taurat kepadanya, dan Allah menentukan waktunya yaitu selama 40 malam. Mereka menganggap bahwa waktu yang ditetapkan itu terlalu lama maka mereka membuat patung anak sapi dari emas dan mereka sembah. Dengan demikian mereka telah menganiaya diri mereka sendiri karena perbuatan syirik yang mereka lakukan.

Sikap mereka itu sangat mengherankan, sebab janji Allah kepada Nabi Musa a.s. akan menurunkan Kitab Taurat sebenarnya merupakan nikmat dan keutamaan yang amat besar bagi Bani Israil, tetapi mereka balas dengan perbuatan yang amat keji, yaitu kekafiran dan kebodohan.