Surah Al-Baqarah 2:213

Disputing, after the Clear Signs have come, indicates Deviation

Ibn Jarir reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "There were ten generations between Adam and Nuh, all of them on the religion of Truth. They later disputed so Allah sent the Prophets as warners and bringers of glad tidings." He then said that this is how `Abdullah read the Ayah:

كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا

The people were one Ummah and they then disputed.

Al-Hakim recorded this in his Mustadrak and said, "Its chain of narrators is Sahih, but they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it." Abu Ja`far Razi reported that Abu Al-`Aliyah said that Ubayy bin Ka`b read the Ayah as:

كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وُمُنْذِرِينَ

The people were one Ummah and they then disputed and Allah sent the Prophets as warners and bringers of glad tidings.

`Abdur-Razzaq said that Ma`mar said that Qatadah said that Allah's statement:

كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَحِدَةً

(Mankind was one community) means; "They all had the guidance. Then:

فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللهُ النَّبِيِّينَ

They disputed and Allah sent Prophets.

The first to be sent was Nuh."

`Abdur-Razzaq reported that Abu Hurayrah commented on:

فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ

(Then Allah by His leave guided those who believed to the truth of that wherein they differed. ) saying that the Prophet said:

«نَحْنُ الآخِرُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، نَحْنُ أَوَّلُ النَّاسِ دُخُولًا الْجَنَّــةَ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُم أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنا وأُوتِينَاهُ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ، فَهَداَنا اللهُ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقَّ بِإِذْنِهِ، فَهَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَهَدَانَا اللهُ لَهُ، فَالنَّاسُ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ، فَغدًا لِلْيَهُودِ، وَبَعْدَ غَدٍ لِلنَّصَارَى»

(We are the last (nation), but the first (foremost) on the Day of Resurrection. We are the first people to enter Paradise, although they (Jews and Christians) have been given the Book before us and we after them. Allah has guided us to the truth wherever they disputed over it. This is the day (Friday) that they disputed about, Allah guided us to it. So, the people follow us, as tomorrow is for the Jews and the day after is for the Christians.)

Ibn Wahb related that `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that his father said about the Ayah:

فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ

(Then Allah by His leave guided those who believed to the truth of that wherein they differed.)

They disputed about the day of Congregation (Friday). The Jews made it Saturday while the Christians chose Sunday. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to Friday. They also disputed about the true Qiblah. The Christians faced the east while the Jews faced Bayt Al-Maqdis. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the true Qiblah (Ka`bah in Makkah). They also disputed about the prayer, as some of them bow down, but do not prostrate, while others prostrate, but do not bow down. Some of them pray while talking and some while walking. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth. They also disputed about the fast; some of them fast during a part of the day, while others fast from certain types of foods. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth. They also disputed about Ibrahim. The Jews said, `He was a Jew,' while the Christians considered him Christian. Allah has made him a Haniyfan Musliman. Allah has guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth.

They also disputed about `Isa. The Jews rejected him and accused his mother of a grave sin, while the Christians made him a god and the son of God. Allah made him by His Word and a spirit from (those He created) Him. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth."

Allah then said:

بِإِذْنِهِ

(...by His leave) meaning, `By His knowledge of them and by what He has directed and guided them to,' according to Ibn Jarir. Also:

وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ

(And Allah guides whom He wills) means from among His creation. (Allah said:)

إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

(...to the straight way) meaning, He commands the decision and the clear proof. Al-Bukhari and Muslim reported that `A'ishah narrated that when Allah's Messenger used to wake up at night to pray, he would say:

«اللَّهُمَّ ربَّ جِبْرَائِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، فَاطِرَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ، اهْدِنِي لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ، إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيم»

(O Allah, the Lord of (angels) Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil, Creator of the heavens and earth and Knower of the seen and the unseen. You judge between Your servants regarding what they have disputed in, so guide me to what have been the subject of dispute of the truth by Your leave. Indeed, You guide whom You will to the straight path.(

A Du`a reads:

«اللَّهُمَّ أَرِنَا الْحَقَّ حَقًّا، وَارْزُقْنَا اتِّبَاعَهُ، وَأَرِنَا الْبَاطِلَ بَاطِلًا، وَارْزُقْنَا اجْتنِاَبَهُ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهُ مُلْتَبِسًا عَلَيْنَا فَنَضِلَّ، وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا»

(O Allah! Show us the truth as truth, and bestow adherence to it on us. Show us the evil as evil, and make us stay away from it, and do not confuse us regarding the reality of evil so that we will not be led astray by it, and make us leaders for the believers.)

Manusia tadinya merupakan umat yang satu. Satu akidah dan satu tujuan amal perbuatan, yaitu untuk memperbaiki dan bukan untuk merusak, berbuat baik dan bukan berbuat jahat, berlaku adil dan bukan berbuat aniaya, kemudian mereka berpaling dan mengerjakan sebaliknya, dan tidak ada lagi kesatuan akidah dan pendapat di antara mereka, yang membawa mereka kepada kebahagiaan, lalu mereka berselisih, bercerai-berai.

Untuk mengembalikan mereka kepada keadaan semula, bersatu dalam kebenaran, Allah mengutus nabi-nabi, manusia pilihan, agar membimbing mereka ke jalan yang benar, memberi petunjuk atas kekeliruan yang diperbuatnya, menyampaikan kabar gembira kepada orang-orang yang beriman dan taat.

Nabi-nabi yang diutus itu dilengkapi dengan kitab-kitab samawi yang diturunkan kepada mereka, yang seluruhnya mengandung kebenaran, petunjuk-petunjuk dan penjelasan yang lengkap, yang akan dijadikan landasan untuk memberi pertimbangan dan memberikan keputusan yang seadil-adilnya atas segala sesuatu yang diperselisihkan.

Sebenarnya, manusia tidak perlu lagi berselisih karena kitab samawi yang diberikan mengandung keterangan-keterangan yang nyata, yang semuanya itu telah diketahui dan dimengerti. Jadi apakah gerangan yang menyebabkan mereka saling menyalahkan dan menganggap bahwa hanya dialah yang benar dan yang lain salah. Hal ini dikarenakan sifat dengki dan suka melakukan pelanggaran.

Apabila sifat dengki ini telah tertanam di dalam hati, baik secara perorangan maupun secara bergolongan, maka sukar untuk memperoleh ketenteraman dan kesejahteraan di antara mereka.

Beruntunglah orang-orang yang beriman, karena dengan kehendak Allah swt mereka telah diberi petunjuk kepada jalan yang benar.

Aisyah ra berkata, "Sesungguhnya Rasulullah saw apabila bangun di tengah malam, beliau mengerjakan "shalah al-Lail" (salat malam), dan beliau berdoa:

"Ya Allah, Tuhan Jibril, Mikail, dan Israfil, Pencipta langit dan bumi, yang mengetahui yang gaib dan yang nyata. Engkaulah yang memberi putusan antara hamba-hamba-Mu tentang apa yang mereka perselisihkan. Berilah aku petunjuk yang benar tentang apa yang diperselisihkan itu dengan izin-Mu. Sesungguhnya Engkaulah yang memberi petunjuk kepada orang yang Engkau kehendaki ke jalan yang lurus. (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim)

Di dalam salah satu doa yang ma'sur (yang diamalkan) para sahabat terdapat ucapan sebagai berikut:

Ya Allah perlihatkanlah kepada Kami yang benar adalah benar, lalu bimbinglah kami untuk mengikutinya, dan perlihatkanlah kepada kami yang salah adalah salah, dan bimbinglah kami untuk menghindarinya. Janganlah dijadikan yang benar dan salah itu samar-samar bagi kami, yang akan menyebabkan kami sesat. Dan jadikanlah kami pemimpin bagi orang-orang yang takwa". (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim).