Surah Al-A'raf 7:155

Seventy Men from the Children of Israel go for the appointedMeeting Place that Allah designated, Allah later on destroys Them

`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented; "Allah commanded Musa to choose seventy men. So he chose them and proceeded with them in order that they supplicate to their Lord. Their supplication included asking Allah, `O Allah! Give us what you have never given anyone before us and will never give anyone after us!' Allah disliked this supplication and they were seized with a violent earthquake, Musa said:

رَبِّ لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّـىَ

("O my Lord, if it had been Your will, You could have destroyed them and me before.)"' As-Suddi said, "Allah commanded Musa to come with thirty men from the Children of Israel, apologizing for worshipping the calf; and He gave them an appointed time and place.

وَاخْتَارَ مُوسَى قَوْمَهُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلاً

(And Musa chose out of his people seventy (of the best) men.) He chose these men and went along with them so that they could apologize. When they reached the appointed place, they said,

لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ

(We shall never believe in you), 2:55 `O Musa,

حَتَّى نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً

(until we see Allah plainly, ) for you spoke to Him,' they said, `therefore, show Him to us,'

فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّـعِقَةُ

(but they were struck with a bolt of lightning) 4:153 and they died. Musa stood up crying, invoking Allah, `O Lord! What should I tell the Children of Israel, when I go back to them after You destroyed their best men'

رَبِّ لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّـىَ

("O my Lord, if it had been Your will, You could have destroyed them and me before")."' Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Musa chose seventy of the best men from the Children of Israel. He said to them, `Go to the meeting with Allah and repent for what you committed. Beg His forgiveness for those of your people whom you left behind. Fast, purify yourselves and clean your clothes.' So, he went with them to Mount Tur in Sinai for the meeting place and time designated by his Lord. He went there only with the leave and knowledge of Allah. According to what has been mentioned to me, when the seventy did what he ordered them to do, and went with him to the meeting of Musa with his Lord, they said, `Request that we may also hear the words of our Lord.' So he replied, `I shall.' When Musa approached the mountain it became completely covered with columns of clouds, Musa approached it and entered in them. He said to the people, `Approach.' But when Allah spoke to Musa, his cloak was surrounded by a brilliant light which no human could bear to look at, so below him a barrier was placed and the people approached. When they entered the cloud they fell prostrate and they heard Him while he was speaking to Musa, commanding him and forbidding him, saying what to do and what not to do. When He completed commanding him, and removed the cloud from Musa, he faced the people and they said, `O Musa! We will not believe in you unless we see Allah directly.' So the thunder shook them, their souls were captured and they all died. Musa stood up invoking, begging and supplicating to his Lord,

رَبِّ لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّـىَ

("O my Lord, if it had been Your will, You could have destroyed them and me before.")' meaning, `They were foolish. Would You destroy anyone who comes after me from the Children of Israel' Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah, Mujahid and Ibn Jarir At-Tabari said, "They were seized by the tremor or lightning, because they neither shunned nor forbade their people who worshipped the calf." This is supported by Musa's statement,

أَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ السُّفَهَآءُ مِنَّآ

("would You destroy us for the deeds of the fools among us") He said next,

إِنْ هِىَ إِلاَّ فِتْنَتُكَ

("It is only Your Fitnah") affliction, test and trial, according to Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several among the Salaf and latter scholars. This is the only plausible meaning, in which Musa says, "The decision is Yours (O Allah), and the judgment, and whatever You will occurs. You misguide whom You will, guide whom You will, and none can guide whom You misguide or misguide whom You guide. There is none who can give what You deprive or avert what You give. The sovereignty is all Yours, and Yours is the judgment, the creation and the decision." The Ayah,

أَنتَ وَلِيُّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الْغَـفِرِينَ

("You are our protector, so forgive us and have mercy on us: for You are the best of those who forgive."), pertains to (Allah's) covering the mistake and not punishing for the sin. Whenever mercy is mentioned along with forgiveness such as in Musa's supplication to Allah, it includes the hope that Allah does not permit one to fall into that act again.

وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الْغَـفِرِينَ

("for You are the best of those who forgive,") for none except You can forgive the sin.

وَاكْتُبْ لَنَا فِى هَـذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الاٌّخِرَةِ

("And ordain for us good in this world, and in the Hereafter.") The first part of Musa's supplication was to fend off what should be avoided, while this part is a request for what is sought. The meaning of,

وَاكْتُبْ لَنَا فِى هَـذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الاٌّخِرَةِ

("And ordain for us good in this world, and in the Hereafter. ") is, `ordain for us and grant us all that is good in both lives. We mentioned the meaning of `good' before in Surat Al-Baqarah.

إِنَّا هُدْنَـآ إِلَيْكَ

("We have Hudna unto You") `we repent, go back and return unto You,' according to the meaning of, `Hudna', given by Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibrahim At-Taymi, As-Suddi, Qatadah and several others.

. قالَ عَذَابِي أُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ وَرَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لَلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ وَ يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِآيَاتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

(He said: (As to) My punishment I afflict therewith whom I will and My mercy embraces all things. That (mercy) I shall ordain for those who have Taqwa, and give Zakah; and those who believe in Our Ayat.) 7:156 j

Allah's Mercy is for Those Who have Taqwa and believe in Allah's Ayat and His Messenger

Allah answers the statement,

إِنْ هِىَ إِلاَّ فِتْنَتُكَ

("It is only Your trial...") 7:155, by saying,

عَذَابِى أُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ أَشَآءُ وَرَحْمَتِى وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ

((As to) My punishment I afflict therewith whom I will and My mercy embraces all things.) Allah says here, `I do what I will, decide what I will and I have wisdom and justice in all matters.' Certainly, there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah. Allah's statement,

وَرَحْمَتِى وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ

(and My mercy embraces all things) testifies to His encompassing mercy. Allah said that the angels who carry His Throne and those around the Throne supplicate,

رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُـلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْماً

("Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and knowledge.") 40:7 Imam Ahmad recorded that Jundub bin `Abdullah Al-Bajali said, "A bedouin man came, he made his camel kneel and he tied it. Then he prayed behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished the prayer, that man untied his camel mounted it and supplicated aloud, `O Allah! Grant Your mercy to me and to Muhammad, and do not give a share in it to anyone else.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commented (to his Companions),

«أَتَقُولُونَ هَذَا أَضَلُّ أَمْ بَعِيرُهُ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعُوا مَا قَالَ؟»

(Do you think that this man is more misguided or his camel Did you not hear what this man has said) They said, `Yes.' He said,

«لَقَدْ حَظَّرْتَ رَحْمَةً وَاسِعَةً إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَلَقَ مِائَةَ رَحْمَةٍ فَأَنْزَلَ رَحْمَةً يَتَعَاطَفُ بِهَا الخَلْقُ جِنُّهَا وَإِنْسُهَا وَبَهَائِمُهَا وَأَخَّرَ عِنْدَهُ تِسْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ رَحْمَةً أَتَقُولُونَ هُوَ أَضَلُّ أَمْ بَعِيرُهُ؟»

(You (the bedouin man) have restricted a vast mercy! Allah, the Exalted, the most Honored has created a hundred mercies and sent down one of them by which the creation, men, Jinn and animals, show mercy to each other. He left with Him ninety-nine mercies, so do you say that this man is more misguided or his camel) Ahmad and Abu Dawud collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Salman narrated that the Prophet said,

«إِنَّ للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِائَةَ رَحْمَةٍ فَمِنْهَا رَحْمَةٌ يَتَرَاحَمُ بِهَا الْخَلْقُ وَبِهَا تَعْطِفُ الْوُحُوشُ عَلَى أَوْلَادِهَا وَأَخَّرَ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَة»

(Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, has a hundred mercies. With one of them, the creations show mercy to each other, and even the beasts show kindness to their offspring. He has kept ninety-nine mercies with Him for the Day of Resurrection.) Muslim recorded it. Allah said next,

فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ

(That (mercy) I shall ordain for those who have Taqwa, ) meaning, I will ordain My mercy for them, as a favor and kindness from Me to them. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ

(He has prescribed mercy for Himself) 6:12 Allah's statement,

لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ

(for those who have Taqwa), means, `I will ordain My mercy for those who possess these qualities, and they are the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ,'

لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ

(for those who have Taqwa), who avoid Shirk and major sins,

وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَـوةَ

(and give the Zakah), purify themselves, according to one opinion. It was also said that, `the Zakah', here pertains to wealth. It is possible that both meanings are included here, for this Ayah was revealed in Makkah before Zakah in fixed shares was ordained,

وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِـَايَـتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

(and those who believe in Our Ayat.), those who have faith in them.

Musa memilih tujuh puluh orang pilihan dari kaumnya untuk pergi bersama-sama ke suatu tempat di Bukit Sinai untuk bermunajat kepada Tuhannya. Menurut para mufassir, siapa orang yang dipilih dan di mana tempatnya yang ditentukan itu telah diwahyukan Allah sebelumnya kepada Musa. Para mufassir berbeda pendapat; apakah Musa diperintahkan oleh Allah pergi ke Bukit Sinai bersama tujuh puluh orang pilihan Bani Israil itu setelah mereka menyembah patung anak sapi dengan maksud menyatakan tobat kepada Allah atau bersamaan waktunya dengan waktu memohon kepada Allah agar Dia memperlihatkan diri-Nya dengan jelas. Jika dilihat susunan ayat dan urutan kisah Musa dalam Surah al-Araf ini, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa kepergian Musa bersama tujuh puluh orang pilihan ini setelah Bani Israil menyembah patung anak sapi, yakni sesudah kepulangan Musa menemui Tuhannya ke Bukit Sinai selama empat puluh hari dan empat puluh malam.

Musa berangkat bersama tujuh puluh orang pilihan menuju tempat yang telah ditentukan. Maka ketika mereka digoncang gempa bumi yang disebabkan petir yang amat dahsyat, Musa pun berdoa kepada Tuhannya, "Ya Tuhanku, sesungguhnya Engkau membinasakan mereka, maka aku berharap agar Engkau membinasakan mereka sebelum mereka pergi bersamaku ke tempat ini, dan agar Engkau membinasakan aku pula, sehingga aku tidak menghadapi kesulitan yang seperti ini, yang memberi kesempatan bagi mereka untuk mencela dan menuduhku, bahwa aku telah membawa orang-orang pilihan ke tempat ini untuk dibinasakan. Oleh karena Engkau tidak membinasakan mereka sebelum mereka aku bawa bersamaku ke sini, maka janganlah mereka Engkau binasakan sekarang, sesudah aku bawa kemari."

Dalam ayat ini diterangkan mengapa pemuka Bani Israil pilihan itu diazab Allah dengan petir yang dahsyat. Pada firman Allah yang dijelaskan sebab-sebabnya mereka disambar petir dan akibat yang mereka alami. Sebagaimana firman-Nya:

"Dan (ingatlah) ketika kamu berkata, "Wahai Musa! Kami tidak akan beriman kepadamu sebelum kami melihat Allah dengan jelas," maka halilintar menyambarmu, sedang kamu menyaksikannya. Kemudian, Kami bangkitkan kamu setelah kamu mati, agar kamu bersyukur." (al-Baqarah/2: 55-56)

Tetapi dalam Perjanjian Lama diterangkan bahwa Bani Israil yang menyembah berhala (di dalam Al-Quran patung anak sapi) itu ialah Bani Israil tujuh puluh orang pilihan bersama-sama dengan Harun. Perbuatan menyembah berhala itu mereka lakukan sewaktu berada di Bukit Sinai, pada waktu Nabi Musa sendiri menghadap Tuhan (baca perjanjian Lama 31:2-35).

Dalam Kitab Bilangan xvi:20-25, disebutkan tentang keingkaran dan kedurhakaan Bani Israil terhadap Musa, lalu mereka diazab Allah. Sedangkan Bani Israil yang sempat lari dibakar oleh sambaran petir.

Selanjutnya Musa memohon kepada Allah, "Janganlah Engkau Ya Tuhan, membinasakan kami disebabkan perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang kurang akal yang meminta agar dapat melihat Engkau."

Semua itu merupakan cobaan dari Allah terhadap mereka. Tetapi mereka tidak tahan dan tidak kuat menghadapi cobaan itu sehingga mereka tetap mendesak Musa agar Tuhan memperlihatkan zat-Nya kepada mereka. Karena tindakan mereka itulah mereka diazab dengan petir (halilintar) sehingga mereka mati semua. Kemudian Allah menghidupkan mereka kembali agar mereka bertobat dan bersyukur terhadap nikmat Allah yang telah dilimpahkan-Nya kepada mereka. Cobaan itu merupakan ujian Tuhan kepada hamba-hamba-Nya, dengan cobaan itu akan sesat orang-orang yang tidak kuat imannya, dan dengan cobaan itu pula Dia memberi petunjuk kepada hamba-Nya yang kuat imannya.

Selanjutnya Musa berdoa, "Wahai Tuhan kami, Engkaulah yang mengurus segala urusan kami, mengawasi segala apa yang kami kerjakan, maka ampunilah kami terhadap segala perbuatan dan tindakan kami yang mengakibatkan azab bagi kami. Beri rahmatlah kami, karena Engkaulah sebaik-baik Pemberi rahmat dan Pemberi ampun. Hanya Engkaulah yang mengampuni segala dosa dan memaafkan segala kesalahan kami. Mengampuni dan memaafkan itu bukanlah karena sesuatu maksud tertentu, tetapi semata-mata karena sifat-Mu yang Maha Pengampun dan Maha Pemaaf."