Surah 21 · 21:87
Surah Al-Anbya 21:87
Al-Anbya · The Prophets
وَذَا
Watha annooni ith thahabamughadiban fathanna an lan naqdira AAalayhifanada fee aththulumatian la ilaha illa anta subhanaka inneekuntu mina aththalimeen
And [mention] the man of the fish [i.e., Jonah], when he went off in anger and thought that We would not decree [anything] upon him. And he called out within the darknesses, "There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers."
Dan (ingatlah kisah) Żun Nūn (Yunus), ketika dia pergi dalam keadaan marah, lalu dia menyangka bahwa Kami tidak akan menyulitkannya, maka dia berdoa dalam keadaan yang sangat gelap, "Tidak ada tuhan selain Engkau, Mahasuci Engkau. Sungguh, aku termasuk orang-orang yang zalim."
Tafsir
Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
Yunus
This story is mentioned here, and in Surat As-Saffat and Surah Nun. Yunus bin Matta, upon him be peace, was sent by Allah to the people of Nineveh, which was a town in the area of Mawsil in northern Iraq. He called them to Allah, but they rejected him and persisted in their disbelief. So he left them in anger, threatening them with punishment after three days. When they realized that he was telling the truth and that a Prophet never lies, they went out to the desert with their children and cattle and flocks. They separated the mothers from their children, then they beseeched Allah and pleaded to Him, with the camels and their young groaning, the cows and their calves mooing, and the sheep and their lambs bleating, so Allah spared them from the punishment. Allah says:
فَلَوْلاَ كَانَتْ قَرْيَةٌ ءَامَنَتْ فَنَفَعَهَآ إِيمَانُهَا إِلاَّ قَوْمَ يُونُسَ لَمَّآ ءَامَنُواْ كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمْ عَذَابَ الخِزْىِ فِى الْحَيَوةَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَتَّعْنَاهُمْ إِلَى حِينٍ
(Was there any town that believed (after seeing the punishment), and its faith saved it Except the people of Yunus; when they believed, We removed from them the torment of disgrace in the life of the world, and permitted them to enjoy for a while) 10:98. Yunus, meanwhile, went and traveled with some people on a ship, which was tossed about on the sea. The people were afraid that they would drown, so they cast lots to choose a man whom they would throw overboard. The lot fell to Yunus, but they refused to throw him overboard. This happened a second and a third time. Allah says:
فَسَـهَمَ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ
(Then he (agreed to) cast lots, and he was among the losers.) 37:141 meaning, the draw went against him, so Yunus stood up, removed his garment and cast himself into the sea. Then Allah sent from the Green Sea -- according to what Ibn Mas`ud said -- a large fish which cleaved the oceans until it came and swallowed Yunus when he threw himself into the sea. Allah inspired that large fish not to devour his flesh or break his bones, (as if He said) Yunus is not food for you, rather your belly is a prison for him.
وَذَا النُّونِ
(And (remember) Dhun-Nun,) Here Nun refers to the fish; it is correct for it to be attributed to him here.
إِذ ذَّهَبَ مُغَـضِباً
(when he went off in anger,) Ad-Dahhak said: "Anger towards his people."
فَظَنَّ أَن لَّن نَّقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ
(and imagined that We shall not punish him!) meaning, constrict him in the belly of the fish. Something similar to this was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and others. This was the view favored by Ibn Jarir, and he quoted as evidence for that the Ayah:
وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنفِقْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَاهُ اللَّهُ لاَ يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْساً إِلاَّ مَآ ءَاتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْراً
(and the man whose resources are restricted, let him spend according to what Allah has given him. Allah puts no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will grant after hardship, ease) 65:7.
فَنَادَى فِى الظُّلُمَـتِ أَن لاَّ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنتَ سُبْحَـنَكَ إِنِّى كُنتُ مِنَ الظَّـلِمِينَ
(But he cried through the depths of darkness (saying): "There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of the wrongdoers.") Ibn Mas`ud said regarding the `depths of darkness': "The darkness of the belly of the fish, the darkness of the sea and the darkness of the night." This was also narrated from Ibn `Abbas, `Amr bin Maymun, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan and Qatadah. Salim bin Abu Al-Ja`d said: "The darkness of the fish in the belly of another fish in the darkness of the sea." Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Abbas and others said: "This was because the fish took him through the sea, cleaving it until it reached the bottom of the sea. Yunus heard the rocks at the bottom of the sea uttering glorification of Allah, at which point he said:
لاَّ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنتَ سُبْحَـنَكَ إِنِّى كُنتُ مِنَ الظَّـلِمِينَ
(There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of the wrongdoers)" `Awf Al-A`rabi said: "When Yunus found himself in the belly of the fish, he thought that he had died. Then he moved his legs. When he moved his legs, he prostrated where he was, then he called out: `O Lord, I have taken a place of worship to You in a place which no other person has reached."'
فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ وَنَجَّيْنَـهُ مِنَ الْغَمِّ
(So `We answered his call, and delivered him from the distress.) means, `We brought him forth from the belly of the fish and from that darkness.'
وَكَذلِكَ نُنجِـى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(And thus We do deliver the believers.) means, when they are in difficulty and they call upon Us and repent to Us, especially if they call upon Us with these words at the time of distress. The leader of the Prophets encouraged us to call upon Allah with these words. Imam Ahmad recorded that Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "I passed by `Uthman bin `Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, in the Masjid, and greeted him. He stared at me but did not return my Salam. I went to `Umar bin Al-Khattab and said: `O Commander of the faithful, has something happened in Islam' I said that twice. He said, `No, why do you ask' I said, `I passed by `Uthman a short while ago in the Masjid and greeted him, and he stared at me but he did not return my Salam.' `Umar sent for `Uthman and asked him, `Why did you not return your brother's Salam' He said, `That is not true.' Sa`d said, `Yes it is.' It reached the point where they both swore oaths. Then `Uthman remembered and said, `Yes, you are right, I seek the forgiveness of Allah and I repent to Him. You passed by me a short while ago but I was preoccupied with thoughts of something I had heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, which I never think of but a veil comes down over my eyes and my heart.' Sa`d said: `And I will tell you what it was. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told us the first part of the supplication then a bedouin came and kept him busy, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up and I followed him. When I felt worried that he would enter his house, I stamped my feet. I turned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said,
«مَنْ هَذَا، أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ؟»
(Who is this Abu Ishaq) I said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said,
«فَمَه»
(What is the matter) I said, "Nothing, by Allah, except that you told us the first part of the supplication, then this bedouin came and kept you busy." He said,
«نَعَمْ دَعْوَةُ ذِي النُّونِ إِذْ هُوَ فِي بَطْنِ الْحُوتِ
(Yes, the supplicaiton of Dhun-Nun when he was in the belly of the fish:
لاَّ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنتَ سُبْحَـنَكَ إِنِّى كُنتُ مِنَ الظَّـلِمِينَ
(There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of the wrongdoers.)
فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَدْعُ بِهَا مُسْلِمٌ رَبَّهُ فِي شَيْءٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا اسْتَجَابَ لَه»
No Muslim ever prays to his Lord with these words for anything, but He will answer his prayer.)" It was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, and by An-Nasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«مَنْ دَعَا بِدُعَاءِ يُونُسَ اسْتُجِيبَ لَه»
(Whoever offers supplication in the words of the supplication of Yunus, will be answered.) Abu Sa`id said: "He was referring to:
وَكَذلِكَ نُنجِـى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(And thus We do deliver the believers.)"
Tafsir Kemenag RI
Pada ayat ini Allah mengingatkan Rasul-Nya dan kaum Muslimin semuanya, kepada kisah Nabi Yunus, yang pada permulaan ayat ini disebutkan dengan nama "dzun Nun".
dzu berarti "yang mempunyai", sedang an-Nun berarti "ikan besar". Maka dzu an-Nun berarti "Yang empunya ikan besar". Ia dinamakan demikian, karena pada suatu ketika ia pernah dijatuhkan ke laut dan ditelan oleh seekor ikan besar. Kemudian, karena pertolongan Allah, maka ia dapat keluar dari perut ikan tersebut dengan selamat dan dalam keadaan utuh.
Perlu diingat, bahwa kisah Nabi Yunus di dalam Al-Qur'an terdapat pada dua buah surah, yaitu Surah al-Anbiya' dan Surah shad. Apabila kita bandingkan antara ayat-ayat yang terdapat pada kedua Surah tersebut yang mengandung kisah Nabi Yunus ini, terdapat beberapa persamaan, misalnya dalam ungkapan-ungkapan yang berbunyi:
Betapa banyak umat sebelum mereka yang telah Kami binasakan, lalu mereka meminta tolong padahal (waktu itu) bukanlah saat untuk lari melepaskan diri. (shad/38: 3)
Ungkapan tersebut terdapat dalam Surah al-Anbiya' ini, dan terdapat pula dalam ayat Surah shad. Perhatikan pula al-Anbiya'/21:11 dan Yunus/10: 13.
Dalam ayat ini Allah berfirman, mengingatkan manusia pada kisah Nabi Yunus, ketika ia pergi dalam keadaan marah. Yang dimaksud ialah bahwa pada suatu ketika Nabi Yunus sangat marah kepada kaumnya, karena mereka tidak juga beriman kepada Allah. Ia telah diutus Allah sebagai Rasul-Nya untuk menyampaikan seruan kepada umatnya, untuk mengajak mereka kepada agama Allah. Tetapi hanya sedikit saja di antara mereka yang beriman, sedang sebagian besar mereka tetap saja ingkar dan durhaka. Keadaan yang demikian itu menjadikan ia marah, lalu pergi ke tepi laut, menjauhkan diri dari kaumnya.
Kisah ini memberi kesan bahwa Nabi Yunus tidak dapat berlapang hati dan sabar menghadapi umatnya. Akan tetapi memang demikianlah keadaannya, ia termasuk nabi-nabi yang sempit dada. Memang dari sekian banyak Nabi dan Rasul yang diutus Allah, hanya lima orang saja yang disebut "Ulul Azmi", yaitu rasul-rasul yang amat sabar dan ulet. Mereka adalah Nabi Ibrahim, Musa, Isa, Nuh dan Muhammad saw. Sedang yang lain-lainnya, walaupun mereka ma'shum dari dosa besar dan sifat-sifat yang tercela, namun pada saat-saat tertentu sempit juga dada mereka menghadapi kaum yang ingkar dan durhaka kepada Allah.
Akan tetapi, walaupun Nabi Yunus pada suatu ketika marah kepada kaumnya, namun kemarahannya itu dapat dipahami, karena ia sangat ikhlas kepada mereka, dan sangat ingin agar mereka memperoleh kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat dengan menjalankan agama Allah yang disampaikannya kepada mereka. Tetapi ternyata sebagian besar dari mereka itu tetap ingkar dan durhaka. Inilah yang menyakitkan hatinya, dan mengobarkan kemarahannya.
Nabi Muhammad sendiri, walaupun sudah termasuk ulul 'azmi, namun Allah beberapa kali memberi peringatan kepada beliau agar jangan sampai marah dan bersempit hati menghadapi kaumnya yang ingkar. Allah berfirman dalam ayat yang lain:
Maka bersabarlah engkau (Muhammad) terhadap ketetapan Tuhanmu, dan janganlah engkau seperti (Yunus) orang yang berada dalam (perut) ikan. (al- Qalam/68: 48)
Firman-Nya lagi kepada Nabi Muhammad saw:
Maka boleh jadi engkau (Muhammad) hendak meninggalkan sebagian dari apa yang diwahyukan kepadamu dan dadamu sempit karenanya. (Hud/11: 12)
Ringkasnya sifat marah yang terdapat pada Nabi Yunus bukanlah timbul dari sifat yang buruk, melainkan karena kekesalan hatinya melihat keingkaran kaumnya yang semula diharapkannya untuk menerima dan melaksanakan agama Allah yang disampaikannya.
Selanjutnya dalam ayat ini Allah menjelaskan kesalahan Nabi Yunus dimana kemarahannya itu menimbulkan kesan bahwa seolah-olah dia mengira bahwa sebagai Nabi dan Rasul Allah tidak akan pernah dibiarkan menghadapi kesulitan, sehingga jalan yang dilaluinya akan selalu indah tanpa halangan.
Akan tetapi dalam kenyatan tidak demikian. Pada umumnya para rasul dan nabi banyak menemui rintangan, bahkan siksaan dan ejekan terhadap dirinya dari orang-orang yang ingkar. Hanya saja dalam keadaan yang sangat gawat, baik dimohon atau tidak oleh yang bersangkutan, Allah mendatangkan pertolongan-Nya, sehingga Rasul-Nya selamat dan umatnya yang ingkar itu mengalami kebinasaan.
Menurut riwayat yang dinukil dari Ibnu Kashir, bahwa ketika Nabi Yunus dalam keadaan marah, ia lalu menjauhkan diri dari kaumnya pergi ke tepi pantai. Di sana ia menjumpai sebuah perahu, lalu ia ikut serta naik ke perahu itu dengan wajah yang muram. Di kala perahu itu hendak berlayar, datanglah gelombang besar yang menyebabkan perahu itu terancam tenggelam apabila muatannya tidak segera dikurangi. Maka nahkoda perahu itu berkata, "Tenggelamnya seseorang lebih baik daripada tenggelamnya kita semua." Lalu diadakan undian untuk menentukan siapakah di antara mereka yang harus dikeluarkan dari perahu itu. Setelah diundi, ternyata bahwa Nabi Yunuslah yang harus dikeluarkan. Akan tetapi, penumpang kapal itu merasa keberatan mengeluarkannya dari pertahu itu. Maka undian dilakukan sekali lagi, tetapi hasilnya tetap demikian. Bahkan undian yang ketiga kalinya pun demikian pula. Akhirnya Yunus melepaskan pakaiannya, lalu ia terjun ke laut atas kemauannya sendiri. Allah mengirim seekor ikan besar yang berenang dengan cepat lalu menelan Yunus.
Dalam ayat ini selanjutnya Allah menerangkan bahwa setelah Nabi Yunus berada dalam tiga tingkat "kegelapan berbeda", maka ia berdoa kepada Allah, "Tidak ada Tuhan selain Engkau, Mahasuci Engkau, sesungguhnya aku termasuk orang-orang yang zalim."
Yang dimaksud dengan tiga kegelapan berbeda di sini ialah bahwa Nabi Yunus sedang berada di dalam perut ikan yang gelap, dalam laut yang dalam dan gelap, dan di malam hari yang gelap gulita pula.
Pengakuan Nabi Yunus bahwa dia "termasuk golongan orang-orang yang zalim", berarti dia sadar atas kesalahannya yang telah dilakukannya sebagai Nabi dan Rasul, yaitu tidak sabar dan tidak berlapang dada menghadapi kaumnya, seharusnya ia bersabar sampai menunggu datangnya ketentuan Allah atas kaumnya yang ingkar itu.
Karena kesadaran itu maka ia mohon ampun kepada Allah, dan mohon pertolongan-Nya untuk menyelamatkan dirinya dari malapetaka itu.
Tafsir is bundled locally for static rendering. Verify redistribution rights for Ibn Kathir and Tafsir Kemenag before production release.
Word by word
وَذَا
wadhā
And Dhun-Nun
ٱلنُّونِ
l-nūni
And Dhun-Nun
إِذ
idh
when
ذَّهَبَ
dhahaba
he went
مُغَٰضِبٗا
mughāḍiban
(while) angry
فَظَنَّ
faẓanna
and thought
أَن
an
that
لَّن
lan
never
نَّقۡدِرَ
naqdira
We would decree
عَلَيۡهِ
ʿalayhi
upon him
فَنَادَىٰ
fanādā
Then he called
فِي
fī
in
ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ
l-ẓulumāti
the darkness(es)
أَن
an
that
لَّآ
lā
(There is) no
إِلَٰهَ
ilāha
god
إِلَّآ
illā
except
أَنتَ
anta
You
سُبۡحَٰنَكَ
sub'ḥānaka
Glory be to You
إِنِّي
innī
Indeed, [I]
كُنتُ
kuntu
I am
مِنَ
mina
of
ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
l-ẓālimīna
the wrongdoers