Surah Al-Ahzab 33:28

Giving the Wives of the Prophet صلى اللصلى الله عليه وسلم the Choice

Here Allah commands His Messenger to give his wives the choice of separating from him so that they may go to someone else with whom they can find what they want of the life of this world and its attractions, or of patiently bearing the straitened circumstances with the Prophet for which they will have a great reward with Allah. They chose Allah and His Messenger and the Home of the Hereafter, may Allah be pleased with them. Then Allah gave them the best both of this world and of the Hereafter. Al-Bukhari narrated from `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, the wife of the Prophet that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to her when Allah commanded him to give his wives the choice. She said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ started with me, and said,

«إِنِّي ذَاكِرٌ لَكِ أَمْرًا فَلَا عَلَيْكِ أَنْ تَسْتَعْجِلِي حَتْى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْك»

(I am going to tell you about something and you do not have to hasten to respond until you consult your parents.)" He knew that my parents would never tell me to leave him. Then he said:

«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ:

يأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ قُل لاٌّزْوَجِكَ»

(Allah says: ("O Prophet! Say to your wives...")) and he recited the two Ayat. I said to him, "Concerning what do I need to consult my parents I choose Allah and His Messenger and the Home of the Hereafter." He also narrated it without a chain of narrators, and added, "She said, then all the wives of the Prophet did the same as I." Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave us the choice, and we chose him, so giving us that choice was not regarded as divorce." It was recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from the Hadith of Al-A`mash. Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, came to ask permission to see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the people were sitting at his door, and the Prophet was sitting, but he did not give him permission. Then `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, came and asked permission to see him, but he did not give him permission. Then he gave Abu Bakr and `Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, permission, and they entered. The Prophet was sitting with his wives around him, and he was silent. `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `I will tell the Prophet something to make him smile.' `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `O Messenger of Allah, if only you had seen the daughter of Zayd -- the wife of `Umar -- asking me to spend on her just now; I broke her neck!' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled so broadly that his molars could be seen, and he said,

«هُنَّ حَوْلِي يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَة»

(They are around me asking me to spend on them.) Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, got up to deal with `A'ishah; and `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, got up to deal with Hafsah, and both of them were saying, `You are asking the Prophet for that which he does not have!' But the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped them, and they (his wives) said, `By Allah, after this we will not ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for anything that he does not have.' Then Allah revealed the Ayah telling him to give them the choice, and he started with `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her. He said,

«إِنِّي أَذْكُرُ لَكِ أَمْرًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْك»

(I am going to tell you something, and I would like you not to hasten to respond until you consult your parents.) She said, `What is it' He recited to her:

يأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ قُل لاٌّزْوَجِكَ

(O Prophet! Say to your wives...) `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, `Do I need to consult my parents concerning you I choose Allah and His Messenger, but I ask you not to tell of my choice to your other wives.' He said:

«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنِّفًا، وَلَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا، لَا تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ عَمَّا اخْتَرْتِ إِلَّا أَخْبَرْتُهَا»

(Allah did not send me to be harsh, but He sent me to teach in a gentle and easy manner. If any of them asks me what your decision was, I will tell her.)" This was also recorded by Muslim, but not Al-Bukhari; An-Nasa'i also recorded it. `Ikrimah said: "At that time he was married to nine women, five of them were from Quraysh -- `A'ishah, Hafsah. Umm Habibah, Sawdah and Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with them. And he was also married to Safiyyah bint Huyay An-Nadariyyah, Maymunah bint Al-Harith Al-Hilaliyyah, Zaynab bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah and Juwayriyyah bint Al-Harith Al-Mustalaqiyyah, may Allah be pleased with all of them.

Allah memerintahkan Rasulullah saw agar menyampaikan kepada istri-istrinya supaya mereka memilih apa yang mereka kehendaki dari dua hal. Pilihan pertama ialah jika mereka menginginkan kehidupan dunia dengan segala kenikmatannya, maka Nabi tidak mempunyai yang demikian itu, dan beliau tidak mempunyai sesuatu pun yang akan diberikan untuk memenuhi keinginan itu. Oleh karena itu, Nabi akan mentalak mereka dan beliau memberi mut'ah, sebagaimana yang telah disyariatkan agama. Beliau juga akan menceraikan mereka secara baik-baik pula.

Menurut ketentuan Allah, seorang suami yang menceraikan istrinya memberi mut'ah berupa pakaian, uang, atau perhiasan secara sukarela kepada istri yang diceraikannya, sesuai dengan kemampuannya, orang kaya sesuai dengan kekayaannya dan orang miskin sesuai dengan kemiskinannya. Firman Allah:

Dan hendaklah kamu beri mereka mut'ah, bagi yang mampu menurut kemampuannya dan bagi yang tidak mampu menurut kesanggupannya, yaitu pemberian dengan cara yang patut, yang merupakan kewajiban bagi orang-orang yang berbuat kebaikan. (al-Baqarah/2: 236)

Allah juga menetapkan bahwa jika seorang suami mentalak istrinya, maka hendaklah ia melepaskan mereka secara baik-baik dan mentalaknya pada waktu suci sebelum dicampuri, agar mereka dapat melaksanakan idah dalam masa yang pendek. Allah berfirman:

Wahai Nabi! Apabila kamu menceraikan istri-istrimu maka hendaklah kamu ceraikan mereka pada waktu mereka dapat (menghadapi) idahnya (yang wajar), dan hitunglah waktu idah itu, serta bertakwalah kepada Allah Tuhanmu. (ath-thalaq/65:1)

Pada waktu ayat ini turun, Rasulullah mempunyai istri 9 orang, yaitu 'Aisyah binti Abu Bakar, Hafshah binti 'Umar, Ummu Salamah, Ummu habibah Ramlah binti Sufyan, Saudah binti Zam'ah, Zainab binti Jahsy, Maimunah binti Hars, safiyyah binti Huyai bin Akhthab, dan Juwairiyah binti al-haris. Dari istri beliau yang sembilan itu, lima orang berasal dari suku Quraisy dan empat orang bukan dari suku Quraisy.

Firman Allah:

Jika dia (Nabi) menceraikan kamu, boleh jadi Tuhan akan memberi ganti kepadanya dengan istri-istri yang lebih baik dari kamu, perempuan-perempuan yang patuh, yang beriman, yang taat, yang bertobat, yang beribadah, yang berpuasa, yang janda dan yang perawan. (at-Tahrim/66: 5)