Surah At-Tawbah 9:108

Masjid Ad-Dirar and Masjid At-Taqwa

The reason behind revealing these honorable Ayat is that before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, there was a man from Al-Khazraj called "Abu `Amir Ar-Rahib (the Monk)." This man embraced Christianity before Islam and read the Scriptures. During the time of Jahiliyyah, Abu `Amir was known for being a worshipper and being a notable person among Al-Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived at Al-Madinah after the Hijrah, the Muslims gathered around him and the word of Islam was triumphant on the day of Badr, causing Abu `Amir, the cursed one, to choke on his own saliva and announce his enmity to Islam. He fled from Al-Madinah to the idolators of Quraysh in Makkah to support them in the war against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Quraysh united their forces and the bedouins who joined them for the battle of Uhud, during which Allah tested the Muslims, but the good end is always for the pious and righteous people. The rebellious Abu `Amir dug many holes in the ground between the two camps, into one of which the Messenger fell, injuring his face and breaking one of his right lower teeth. He also sustained a head injury. Before the fighting started, Abu `Amir approached his people among the Ansar and tried to convince them to support and agree with him. When they recognized him, they said, "May Allah never burden an eye by seeing you, O Fasiq one, O enemy of Allah!" They cursed him and he went back declaring, "By Allah! Evil has touched my people after I left." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called Abu `Amir to Allah and recited the Qur'an to him before his flight to Makkah, but he refused to embrace Islam and rebelled. The Messenger ﷺ invoked Allah that Abu `Amir die as an outcast in an alien land, and his invocation came true. After the battle of Uhud was finished, Abu `Amir realized that the Messenger's ﷺ call was still rising and gaining momentum, so he went to Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, asking for his aid against the Prophet . Heraclius gave him promises and Abu `Amir remained with him. He also wrote to several of his people in Al-Madinah, who embraced hypocrisy, promising and insinuating to them that he will lead an army to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to defeat him and his call. He ordered them to establish a stronghold where he could send his emissaries and to serve as an outpost when he joins them later on. These hypocrites built a Masjid next to the Masjid in Quba', and they finished building it before the Messenger ﷺ went to Tabuk. They went to the Messenger ﷺ inviting him to pray in their Masjid so that it would be a proof that the Messenger ﷺ approved of their Masjid. They told him that they built the Masjid for the weak and ill persons on rainy nights. However, Allah prevented His Messenger from praying in that Masjid. He said to them,

«إِنَّا عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا إِنْ شَاءَ الله»

(If we come back from our travel, Allah willing.)" When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back from Tabuk and was approximately one or two days away from Al-Madinah, Jibril came down to him with the news about Masjid Ad-Dirar and the disbelief and division between the believers, who were in Masjid Quba' (which was built on piety from the first day), that Masjid Ad-Dirar was meant to achieve. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent some people to Masjid Ad-Dirar to bring it down before he reached Al-Madinah. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said about this Ayah (9:107), "They are some people of the Ansar to whom Abu `Amir said, `Build a Masjid and prepare whatever you can of power and weapons, for I am headed towards Caesar, emperor of Rome, to bring Roman soldiers with whom I will expel Muhammad and his companions.' When they built their Masjid, they went to the Prophet and said to him, "We finished building our Masjid and we would like you pray in it and invoke Allah for us for His blessings."Allah revealed this verse,

لاَ تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا

(Never stand you therein), until,

الْظَّـلِمِينَ

(...wrongdoers) " Allah said next,

وَلَيَحْلِفَنَّ

(they will indeed swear), those who built it,

إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلاَّ الْحُسْنَى

(that their intention is nothing but good.) by building this Masjid we sought the good and the comfort of the people. Allah replied,

وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ

(Allah bears witness that they are certainly liars) for they only built it to harm Masjid Quba', and out of disbelief in Allah, and to divide the believers. They made it an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His Messenger , such as Abu `Amir the Fasiq who used to be called Ar-Rahib, may Allah curse him! Allah said,

لاَ تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا

(Never stand you therein), prohibiting His Prophet and his Ummah from ever standing in it in prayer.

Virtues of Masjid Quba

Allah encouraged His Prophet to pray in Masjid Quba' which, from the first day, was built on Taqwa, obedience to Allah and His Messenger , for gathering the word of the believers and as an outpost and a fort for Islam and its people. This is why Allah the Exalted said,

لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ

(Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray).) in reference to the Masjid of Quba'. An authentic Hadith records that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«صَلَاةٌ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءٍ كَعُمْرَة»

(One prayer in Masjid Quba' is just like an `Umrah.) It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to visit Masjid Quba' while riding and walking. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Uwaym bin Sa`idah Al-Ansari said that the Prophet went to Masjid Quba' and asked,

«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَحْسَنَ عَلَيْكُمُ الثَّنَاءَ فِي الطُّهُورِ فِي قِصَّةِ مَسْجِدِكُمْ، فَمَا هَذَا الطُّهُورُ الَّذِي تَطَهَّرُونَ بِهِ؟»

(In the story about your Masjid, Allah the Exalted has praised you concerning the purification that you perform. What is the purification that you perform) They said, "By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! We do not know except that we had neighbors from the Jews who used to use water to wash with after answering the call of nature, and we washed as they washed." Ibn Khuzaymah collected this Hadith in his Sahih. Allah's statement,

لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُواْ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ

(Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray). In it are men who love to clean and purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure.) This encourages praying in old Masjids that were built for the purpose of worshipping Allah alone, without partners. It is also recommended to join the prayer with the believing group and worshippers who implement their faith, those who perform Wudu' perfectly and preserve themselves from impure things. Imam Ahmad recorded that one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in a Dawn (Subh) prayer in which he recited Surat Ar-Rum (chapter 30) and made mistakes in the recitation. When he finished the prayer, he said,

«إِنَّهُ يَلْبِسُ عَلَيْنَا الْقُرْآنَ أَنَّ أَقْوَامًا مِنْكُمْ يُصَلُّونَ مَعَنَا لَا يُحْسِنُونَ الْوُضُوءَ، فَمَنْ شَهِدَ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَنَا فَلْيُحْسِنِ الْوُضُوء»

(We sometimes make mistakes in reciting the Qur'an, there are people among you who attend the prayer with us, but do not perform Wudu' perfectly. Therefore, whoever attends the prayer with us let him make perfect Wudu'.) This Hadith indicates that complete purification helps in the performance of acts of worship and aids in preserving and completing them.

Karena adanya maksud-maksud jahat kaum munafik dengan mendirikan bangunan tersebut, maka Allah melarang Rasul-Nya selama-lamanya untuk salat di tempat itu, karena apabila Rasulullah salat di sana bersama mereka berarti beliau merestui mereka mendirikan bangunan itu.

Selanjutnya Allah menegaskan kepada Rasul-Nya, bahwa mesjid yang dibangun sejak semula atas dasar ketakwaan kepada Allah, adalah lebih baik untuk dijadikan tempat ibadah bersama kaumnya untuk mempersatukan kaum Muslimin semuanya dalam segala hal yang diridai-Nya, yaitu saling mengenal dan bersama-sama berbuat kebajikan dan ketakwaan.

Yang dimaksud dengan mesjid yang didirikan pertama kali atas dasar ketakwaan, yang disebutkan dalam ayat ini, adalah "mesjid Quba" atau "mesjid Nabi" yang ada di kota Medinah, sebab kedua mesjid itu yang dibangun oleh Nabi dan kaum Muslimin atas dasar ketakwaan.

Selanjutnya dalam ayat ini Allah menerangkan alasan, mengapa mesjid tersebut lebih utama dari mesjid lainnya yang sengaja didirikan bukan atas dasar ketakwaan, karena di mesjid tersebut terdapat orang-orang yang suka membersihkan dirinya dari segala dosa. Artinya mereka meramaikan mesjid dengan mendirikan salat serta berzikir dan bertasbih kepada Allah. Dengan ibadah-ibadah tersebut, mereka ingin mensucikan diri dari segala dosa yang melekat pada diri mereka, sebagaimana orang-orang yang mangkir dari peperangan kemudian mereka menyadari kesalahan mereka, lalu berusaha mensucikan diri dari dosa tersebut dengan cara bertobat, bersedekah, dan memperbanyak amal saleh lainnya. Melakukan ibadah salat berarti mensucikan diri lahir dan batin karena untuk melakukan salat disyaratkan sucinya badan, pakaian dan tempat, serta hadirnya hati dan pikiran yang dihadapkan kepada Allah semata.

Pada akhir ayat ini ditegaskan bahwa Allah menyukai orang-orang yang sangat menjaga kebersihan jiwa dan jasmaninya, karena mereka menganggap bahwa kesempurnaan manusia terletak pada kesucian lahir batinnya. Oleh sebab itu, mereka sangat membenci kekotoran lahiriyah, seperti kotoran pada badan, pakaian dan tempat, maupun kotoran batin yang timbul karena perbuatan maksiat terus menerus, serta budi pekerti yang buruk, misalnya riya dalam beramal, ataupun kikir dalam menyumbangkan harta untuk memperoleh keridaan Allah. Kecintaan Allah pada orang-orang yang suka mensucikan diri, adalah salah satu dari sifat-sifat kesempurnaan-Nya, Dia suka kepada kebaikan, kesempurnaan, kesucian, dan kebenaran. Sebaliknya, Dia benci kepada sifat-sifat yang berlawanan dengan sifat-sifat tersebut.