Surah Ali 'Imran 3:167

The Reason and Wisdom Behind the Defeat at Uhud

Allah said,

(When a single disaster smites you), in reference to when the Muslims suffered seventy fatalities during the battle of Uhud,

(although you smote (your enemies) with one twice as great,) during Badr, when the Muslims killed seventy Mushriks and captured seventy others,

(you say: "From where does this come to us") why did this defeat happen to us

(Say, "It is from yourselves.") Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "When Uhud occurred, a year after Badr, Muslims were punished for taking ransom from the disbelievers at Badr in return for releasing the Mushriks whom they captured in that battle. Thus, they suffered the loss of seventy fatalities and the Companions of the Messenger of Allah gave flight and abandoned him. The Messenger suffered a broken tooth, the helmet was smashed on his head and blood flowed onto his face. Allah then revealed,

(When a single disaster smites you, although you smote (your enemies) with one twice as great, you say: "From where does this come to us" Say, "It is from yourselves".), because you took the ransom." Furthermore, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Ibn Jurayj, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi said that the Ayah,

(Say, "It is from yourselves.") means, because you, the archers, disobeyed the Messenger's command to not abandon your positions.

(And Allah has power over all things.) and He does what He wills and decides what He wills, and there is none who can resist His decision.

Allah then said,

(And what you suffered on the day the two armies met, was by the leave of Allah), for when you ran away from your enemy, who killed many of you and injured many others, all this occurred by Allah's will and decree out of His perfect wisdom,

(in order that He might test the believers.) who were patient, firm and were not shaken,

(And that He might test the hypocrites, it was said to them: "Come, fight in the way of Allah or defend yourselves." They said: "Had we known that fighting will take place, we would certainly have followed you.") 3:167,

This refers to the Companions of `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul who went back (to Al-Madinah) with him before the battle. Some believers followed them and encouraged them to come back and fight, saying,

(or defend), so that the number of Muslims increases, as Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Salih, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi stated. Al-Hasan bin Salih said that this part of the Ayah means, help by supplicating for us, while others said it means, man the posts. However, they refused, saying,

("Had we known that fighting will take place, we would certainly have followed you.") meaning, according to Mujahid, if we knew that you would fight today, we would join you, but we think you will not fight. Allah said,

(They were that day, nearer to disbelief than to faith,)

This Ayah indicates that a person passes through various stages, sometimes being closer to Kufr and sometimes closer to faith, as evident by,

(They were that day, nearer to disbelief than to faith,)

Allah then said,

(saying with their mouths what was not in their hearts.) for they utter what they do not truly believe in, such as,

("Had we known that fighting will take place, we would certainly have followed you.")

They knew that there was an army of idolators that came from a far land raging against the Muslims, to avenge their noble men whom the Muslims killed in Badr. These idolators came in larger numbers than the Muslims, so it was clear that a battle will certainly occur. Allah said;

(And Allah has full knowledge of what they conceal.)

((They are) the ones who said about their killed brethren while they themselves sat (at home): "If only they had listened to us, they would not have been killed.") had they listened to our advice and not gone out, they would not have met their demise. Allah said,

(Say: "Avert death from your own selves, if you speak the truth.") meaning, if staying at home saves one from being killed or from death, then you should not die. However death will come to you even if you were hiding in fortified castles. Therefore, fend death off of yourselves, if you are right.

Mujahid said that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "This Ayah 3:168 was revealed about `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul (the chief hypocrite)."

Demikian juga agar orang-orang munafik dapat diketahui kemunafikannya dengan nyata. Pada waktu Perang Uhud jumlah tentara Islam 1.000 orang kemudian ditengah jalan 300 orang yang tergolong munafikin di bawah pimpinan Abdullah bin Ubay telah kembali ke Medinah. Maka Perang Uhud merupakan pemisah antara tentara yang benar-benar beriman dan yang setengah-setengah imannya, yakni golongan munafik.

Kaum munafikin pada waktu diajak berperang fi sabilillah menegakkan agama Allah, mempertahankan hak dan keadilan dan menolak kebatilan dan kemungkaran guna mencari rida Allah atau berperang untuk menjaga diri dan mempertahankan tanah tumpah darahnya, mereka menjawab, "Jika kami mengetahui bahwa kita dapat dan mampu berperang pasti kami mengikuti kaum Muslimin." Tetapi mereka menilai bahwa kaum Muslimin berperang pada waktu itu semata-mata menjerumuskan diri dalam kebinasaan. Sebenarnya mereka lebih cenderung kepada kekafiran daripada keimanan dan apa yang mereka katakan bukan sebenarnya apa yang ada dalam hati mereka. Allah mengetahui kemunafikan yang mereka sembunyikan dalam hati mereka.