Surah Al-Baqarah 2:71

The Stubbornness of the Jews regarding the Cow; Allah made the Matter difficult for Them

Allah mentioned the stubbornness of the Children of Israel and the many unnecessary questions they asked their Messengers. This is why when they were stubborn, Allah made the decisions difficult for them. Had they slaughtered a cow, any cow, it would have been sufficient for them, as Ibn `Abbas and `Ubaydah have said. Instead, they made the matter difficult, and this is why Allah made it even more difficult for them. They said,

(Call upon your Lord for us that He may make plain to us what it is!), meaning, "What is this cow and what is its description" Musa said,

(He says, `Verily, it is a cow neither too old nor too young'), meaning, that it is neither old nor below the age of breeding. This is the opinion of Abu Al-`Aliyah, As-Suddi, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, `Ata', Al-Khurasani, Wahb bin Munabbih, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and Ibn `Abbas. Ad-Dahhak reported that Ibn `Abbas said that,

(But (it is) between the two conditions) means, "Neither old nor young. Rather, she was at the age when the cow is strongest and fittest." In his Tafsir Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that,

(bright in its colour) "A deep yellowish white."

As-Suddi said,

(pleasing the beholder) meaning, that it pleases those who see it. This is also the opinion of Abu Al-`Aliyah, Qatadah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Furthermore, Wahb bin Munabbih said, "If you look at the cow's skin, you will think that the sun's rays radiate through its skin." The modern version of the Tawrah mentions that the cow in the Ayah was red, but this is an error. Or, it might be that the cow was so yellow that it appeared blackish or reddish in color. Allah's knows best.

(Verily, to us all cows are alike) this means, that since cows are plentiful, then describe this cow for us further,

(And surely, if Allah wills) and if you further describe it to us,

(we will be guided.)

(He says, `It is a cow neither trained to till the soil nor water the fields') meaning, it is not used in farming, or for watering purposes. Rather, it is honorable and fair looking. `Abdur-Razzaq said that Ma`mar said that Qatadah said that,

(sound) means, "The cow does not suffer from any defects." This is also the opinion of Abu Al-`Aliyah and Ar-Rabi`. Mujahid also said that the Ayah means the cow is free from defects. Further, `Ata' Al-Khurasani said that the Ayah means that its legs and body are free of physical defects.

Also, Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah,

(So they slaughtered it though they were near to not doing it) means, "They did not want to slaughter it."

This means that even after all the questions and answers about the cow's description, the Jews were still reluctant to slaughter the cow. This part of the Qur'an criticized the Jews for their behavior, because their only goal was to be stubborn, and this is why they nearly did not slaughter the cow. Also, `Ubaydah, Mujahid, Wahb bin Munabbih, Abu Al-`Aliyah and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "The Jews bought the cow with a large amount of money." There is a difference of opinion over this.

Seekor sapi yang diperintahkan untuk disembelih itu ialah seekor sapi yang belum pernah dipergunakan untuk membajak dan mengangkut air, sehat, dan tidak cacat sedikit pun. Setelah mendapat keterangan ini, mereka menyatakan sekarang barulah jelas buat mereka. Akhirnya mereka pun mendapatkannya dan kemudian mereka menyembelihnya. Hampir-hampir mereka tidak sanggup mengerjakannya, karena terlalu sukar untuk mendapatkan sapi yang dimaksud.

Dalam suatu hadis disebutkan, "Kalau sekiranya mereka langsung menyembelih saja seekor sapi betina pada waktu mereka menerima perintah, cukuplah sudah. Tetapi mereka mengajukan pertanyaan yang memberatkan mereka sendiri, maka Allah pun memberatkannya." (Riwayat Ibnu Jarir dari Ibnu 'Abbas)

Permintaan Nabi Musa atas perintah Allah kepada kaumnya itu (ayat 67) sederhana sekali: "Sembelihlah seekor sapi betina". Selesai, tanpa harus banyak bertanya. Tetapi mereka sudah biasa cerewet dan mengajukan pertanyaan macam-macam sekitar sapi itu”yang maksudnya hendak mengejek”padahal soalnya sudah jelas. Karena mereka keras kepala, maka akibatnya menyulitkan mereka sendiri, seperti dilukiskan dalam ayat 71 dan dipertegas dalam hadis di atas. Cara-cara bertanya demikian itu kemudian menjadi ungkapan dalam bahasa Arab, ditujukan kepada mereka yang cerewet dengan pertanyaan yang dicari-cari: Ma hiya wa ma lawnuha, (Yang bagaimana dan apa warnanya?).

Ayat-ayat di atas (67-71) merupakan satu kesatuan. Peristiwanya erat hubungannya dengan ayat 72 di bawah. Menurut tradisi Yahudi dalam syariat Musa a.s., apabila terjadi suatu pembunuhan yang tidak diketahui siapa pembunuhnya, maka para sesepuh dan hakim harus keluar mengukur jarak ke kota-kota sekeliling orang yang terbunuh; mereka harus mengambil seekor lembu betina muda yang belum pernah dipakai membajak; mereka harus mematahkan leher lembu itu di suatu lembah; semua sesepuh dari kota terdekat harus membasuh tangannya ke atas lembu muda yang lehernya sudah dipatahkan di lembah itu, dan mereka harus menyatakan, bahwa tangan mereka tidak mencurahkan darah dan mata mereka tidak melihatnya; maka diadakan perdamaian dan mereka mengimbaunya untuk tidak menimpakan darah kepada orang yang tidak bersalah (Kitab Ulangan xxi. 1-9).