Surah Al-Anfal 8:22

The Command to obey Allah and His Messenger

Allah commands His believing servants to obey Him and His Messenger and warns them against defying him and imitating the disbelievers who reject him. Allah said,

(and turn not away from him...), neither refrain from obeying him or following his commands nor indulge in what he forbade,

(while you are hearing.) after you gained knowledge of his Message,

(And be not like those who say: "We have heard," but they hear not.)

Ibn Ishaq said that this Ayah refers to the hypocrites, who pretend to hear and obey, while in fact they do neither. Allah declares that these are the most wicked creatures among the Children of Adam,

(Verily, the worst of living creatures with Allah are the deaf) who do not hear the truth,

(and the dumb) who cannot comprehend it,

(who understand not. ) These indeed are the most wicked creatures, for every creature except them abide by the way that Allah created in them. These people were created to worship Allah, but instead disbelieved. This is why Allah equated them to animals, when He said,

(And the example of those who disbelieve is as that of him who shouts to those that hear nothing but calls and cries.) 2:171, and,

(They are like cattle, nay even more astray; those! They are the heedless ones.) 7:179

It was also said that the Ayah (8:22) refers to some of the pagans of Quraysh from the tribe of Bani `Abd Ad-Dar, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Ibn Jarir. Muhammad bin Ishaq said that this Ayah refers to hypocrites, as we stated. There is no contradiction here, because both disbelievers and hypocrites are devoid of sound comprehension, in addition to having lost the intention to do good. Allah states here that such are those who neither have sound understanding nor good intentions, even if they have some type of reason,

(Had Allah known of any good in them, He would indeed have made them listen.)

He would have helped them understand. However, this did not happen because there is no goodness in such people, for Allah knows that,

(even if He had made them listen...) and allowed them to understand,

(they would but have turned...), intentionally and out of stubbornness, even after they comprehend,

(with aversion.), to the truth.

Allah menyamakan orang-orang munafik itu dengan binatang yang paling buruk, karena mereka itu tidak mau mempergunakan pendengarannya untuk mengetahui seruan-seruan yang benar dan tidak memperhatikan nasihat-nasihat yang baik.

Orang-orang munafik disamakan dengan binatang dalam ayat ini, bukanlah fisik mereka seperti binatang, tetapi sifat kejiwaan merekalah yang seperti binatang. Mereka menolak pengertian dari firman Allah dan tidak mau memikirkan dan memahami kebenaran. Dalam hal ini mereka tidak mau membedakan mana seruan yang benar dan mana ajakan yang salah dan mana itikad yang benar serta mana kepercayaan yang salah.

Sebagai alasan yang lain dipersamakannya mereka dengan binatang adalah karena tidak mau menuturkan kebenaran, seolah-olah mereka tidak berfikir, karena mereka menyia-nyiakan akal mereka sehingga tidak dapat menuturkan kebenaran itu sebagaimana mestinya. Seandainya mereka menggunakan akal, tentulah mereka mau mendengarkan seruan Rasul serta mau mengikutinya.

Di dalam ayat ini atau ayat yang lain Allah, menerangkan bahwa orang-orang munafik itu lebih sesat dari binatang.

Firman Allah:

"Dan sungguh, akan Kami isi neraka Jahanam banyak dari kalangan jin dan manusia. Mereka memiliki hati, tetapi tidak dipergunakannya untuk memahami (ayat-ayat Allah) dan mereka memiliki mata (tetapi) tidak dipergunakannya untuk melihat (tanda-tanda kekuasaan Allah), dan mereka mempunyai telinga (tetapi) tidak dipergunakan untuk mendengar (ayat-ayat Allah). Mereka seperti hewan ternak, bahkan lebih sesat lagi. Mereka itulah orang-orang yang lengah." (al-Araf/7: 179)

Pendengaran dan penglihatan tidak dapat dibuat manusia, karena keduanya bertalian dengan jiwa, dengan hidup. Tidak bisa diharapkan dari benda mati yang tidak mempunyai pendengaran dan penglihatan itu. Bahkan pendengaran dan penglihatan yang hidup tidak berfungsi jika tidak diarahkan.