Surah Al-Anfal 8:2

Qualities of the Faithful and Truthful Believers

`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said about the Ayah,

إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ

(The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts)

"None of Allah's remembrance enters the hearts of the hypocrites upon performing what He has ordained. They neither believe in any of Allah's Ayat nor trust (in Allah) nor pray if they are alone nor pay the Zakah due on their wealth. Allah stated that they are not believers. He then described the believers by saying,

إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ

(The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts) and they perform what He has ordained,

وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـناً

(and when His Ayat are recited unto them, they increase their faith) and conviction,

وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ

(and they put their trust in their Lord), having hope in none except Him. " Mujahid commented on,

وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ

(their hearts Wajilat), "Their hearts become afraid and fearful." Similar was said by As-Suddi and several others. The quality of a true believer is that when Allah is mentioned, he feels a fear in his heart, and thus implements His orders and abstains from His prohibitions. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُواْ فَـحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُواْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُواْ اللَّهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُواْ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَمَن يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَلَمْ يُصِرُّواْ عَلَى مَا فَعَلُواْ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ

(And those who, when they have committed Fahishah (immoral sin) or wronged themselves with evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their sins; -- and none can forgive sins but Allah -- and do not persist in what (wrong) they have done, while they know) 3:135, and,

وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ وَنَهَى النَّفْسَ عَنِ الْهَوَى - فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ هِىَ الْمَأْوَى

(But as for him who feared standing before his Lord, and restrained himself from vain desires. Verily, Paradise will be his abode.) 79:40-41

Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated that As-Suddi commented,

إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ

(The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts)

"A man might be thinking of committing injustice or a sin. But he abstains when he is told, `Have Taqwa of Allah', and his heart becomes fearful."'

Faith increases when the Qur'an is recited

Allah's statement,

وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـناً

(And when His Ayat are recited unto them, they increase their faith;) is similar to His statement,

وَإِذَا مَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَـذِهِ إِيمَـناً فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـناً وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ

(And whenever there comes down a Surah, some of them (hypocrites) say: "Which of you has had his faith increased by it" As for those who believe, it has increased their faith, and they rejoice) 9:124.

Al-Bukhari and other scholars relied on this Ayah (8:2) and those similar, as evidence that faith increases and varies in strength from heart to heart. This is also the view of the majority of the scholars of Islam, prompting some scholars, such as Ash-Shafi`i, Ahmad bin Hanbal and Abu `Ubayd to declare that this is the consensus of the Ummah, as we mentioned in the beginning of the explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari. All the thanks and praises are due to Allah.

The Reality of Tawakkul

Allah said,

وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ

(And they put their trust in their Lord.)

Therefore, the believers hope in none except Allah, direct their dedication to Him alone, seek refuge with Him alone, invoke Him alone for their various needs and supplicate to Him alone. They know that whatever He wills, occurs and that whatever He does not will never occurs, that He alone is the One Who has the decision in His kingdom, without partners; none can avert the decision of Allah and He is swift in reckoning. Hence the statement of Sa`id bin Jubayr, "Tawakkul of Allah is the essence of faith.

Deeds of Faithful Believers

Allah said next,

الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَوةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

(Who perform the Salah and spend out of what We have provided them.)

Allah describes the actions of the believers after He mentioned their faith. The acts mentioned here include all types of righteous acts, such as establishing prayer, which is Allah's right. Qatadah said, "Establishing the prayer requires preserving its times, making ablution for it, bowing down and prostrating." Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "Establishing the prayer means to preserve its times, perform perfect purity for it, perform perfect bowings and prostrations, recite the Qur'an during it, sitting for Tashahhud and reciting the Salah (invoking Allah's blessings) for the benefit of the Prophet."

Spending from what Allah has granted includes giving the Zakah and the rest of the what is due from the servant, either what is obligatory or recommended. All of the servants are Allah's dependents, and the most beloved among them to Him are the most beneficial to His creation.

The Reality of Faith

Allah's statement,

أُوْلـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقّاً

(It is they who are the believers in truth.) means, those who have these qualities are the believers with true faith.

The Fruits of Perfect Faith

Allah said,

لَّهُمْ دَرَجَـتٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ

(For them are grades of dignity with their Lord) meaning, they have different grades, ranks and status in Paradise,

هُمْ دَرَجَـتٌ عِندَ اللَّهِ واللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ

(They are in varying grades with Allah, and Allah is All-Seer of what they do.)3:163

Next, Allah said,

وَمَغْفِرَةٌ

(and forgiveness), therefore, Allah will forgive them their sins and reward them for their good deeds. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ أَهْلَ عِلِّيِّينَ لَيَرَاهُمْ مَنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَرَوْنَ الْكَوْكَبَ الْغَابِرَ فِي أُفُقٍ مِنْ آفَاقِ السَّمَاء»

(The residents of `Illiyyin (in Paradise) are seen from those below them, just as you see the distant planet in the horizon of the sky.)

They said, "O Allah's Messenger! They are the grades of the Prophets that none except them would attain." The Prophet said,

«بَلَى وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لِرِجَالٌ آمَنُوا بِاللهِ وَصَدَّقُوا الْمُرْسَلِين»

(Rather, by He in Whose Hand is my soul! They are for men who have faith in Allah and believed in the Messengers.)

In a Hadith recorded by Imam Ahmad and the collectors of Sunan, Abu `Atiyyah said that Ibn Abu Sa`id said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ لَيَتَرَاءَونَ أَهْلَ الدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى كَمَا تَرَاءَوْنَ الْكَوْكَبَ الْغَابِرَ فِي أُفُقِ السَّمَاءِ وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنْعَمَا»

(Residents of Paradise see the residents of the highest grades just as you see the distant planet in the horizon of the sky. Verily, Abu Bakr and `Umar are among them (in the highest grades), and how excellent they are.)

Allah menjelaskan bahwa orang-orang mukmin ialah mereka yang menghiasi dirinya dengan sifat-sifat seperti tersebut dalam ayat ini. Tiga sifat disebutkan dalam ayat ini, sedang dua sifat lagi disebutkan dalam ayat berikutnya.

1.Apabila disebutkan nama Allah bergetarlah hatinya karena ingat keagungan dan kekuasaan-Nya. Pada saat itu timbul dalam jiwanya perasaan penuh haru mengingat besarnya nikmat dan karunia-Nya. Mereka merasa takut apabila mereka tidak memenuhi tugas kewajiban sebagai hamba Allah, dan merasa berdosa apabila melanggar larangan-larangan-Nya.

Bergetarnya hati sebagai perumpamaan dari perasaan takut, adalah sikap mental yang besifat abstrak, yang hanya dapat dirasakan oleh yang bersangkutan dan hanya Allah sendiri yang mengetahuinya. Sedang orang lain dapat mengetahui dengan memperhatikan tanda-tanda lahiriah dari orang yang merasakannya, yang terlukis dalam perkataan atau gerak-gerik perbuatannya.

Sikap mental itu adakalanya tampak dalam perkataan, sebagaimana tergambar dalam firman Allah:

"Dan mereka yang memberikan apa yang mereka berikan (sedekah) dengan hati penuh rasa takut, (karena mereka tahu) bahwa sesungguhnya mereka akan kembali kepada Tuhannya". (al-Muminun/23: 60)

Dan adakalanya tampak pada gerak-gerik dalam perbuatan, firman Allah :

"Ketika mereka masuk ke tempatnya, lalu mereka mengucapkan, "salam." Dia (Ibrahim) berkata, "Kami benar-benar merasa takut kepadamu." (al-Hijr/15: 52)

2.Apabila dibacakan ayat-ayat Allah, maka akan bertambah iman mereka, karena ayat-ayat itu mengandung dalil-dalil yang kuat, yang mempengaruhi jiwanya sedemikian rupa, sehingga mereka bertambah yakin dan mantap serta dapat memahami kandungan isinya, sedang anggota badannya tergerak untuk melaksanakannya.

Dalam ayat ini terdapat petunjuk bahwa iman seseorang dapat bertambah dan dapat berkurang sesuai dengan ilmu dan amalnya, Rasulullah bersabda:

"Iman itu lebih dari 70 cabang, yang tertinggi adalah pengakuan bahwa tiada Tuhan selain Allah, dan yang terendah adalah menyingkirkan ganguan dari jalan." (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim dari Abu Hurairah)

Dengan demikian bertambahnya iman pada seseorang dapat diketahui apabila ia lebih giat beramal. Iman dan amal adalah merupakan satu kesatuan yang bulat yang tak dapat dipisahkan.

Firman Allah swt:

(Yaitu) orang-orang (yang menaati Allah dan Rasul) yang ketika ada orang-orang mengatakan kepadanya, "Orang-orang (Quraisy) telah mengumpulkan pasukan untuk menyerang kamu, karena itu takutlah kepada mereka," ternyata (ucapan) itu menambah (kuat) iman mereka dan mereka menjawab, "Cukuplah Allah (menjadi penolong) bagi kami dan Dia sebaik-baik pelindung." (ali Imran/3: 173)

Dan firman Allah:

Dan ketika orang-orang mukmin melihat golongan-golongan (yang bersekutu) itu, mereka berkata, "Inilah yang dijanjikan Allah dan Rasul-Nya kepada kita." Dan benarlah Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Dan yang demikian itu menambah keimanan dan keislaman mereka. (al-Ahzab/33: 22)

3. Bertawakal hanya kepada Allah Yang Maha Esa, tidak berserah diri kepada yang lain-Nya. Tawakal merupakan senjata terakhir seseorang dalam mewujudkan serangkaian amal setelah berbagai sarana dan syarat-syarat yang diperlukan itu dipersiapkan. Hal ini dapat dipahami, karena pada hakikatnya segala macam aktifitas dan perbuatan, hanya terwujud menurut hukum-hukum yang berlaku yang tunduk dibawah kekuasaan Allah. Maka tidak benar apabila seseorang itu berserah diri kepada selain Allah.